Constructive and Destructive Forces
Ice forms inside a crack in a rock. As the ice expands, the rock breaks apart.
What process is occurring?
A. Chemical weathering
B. Mechanical weathering
C. Deposition
D. Erosion
B. Mechanical weathering
Which landform is a large mass of moving ice?
A. Delta
B. Plateau
C. Glacier
D. Valley
C. Glacier
Which type of heat transfer requires direct contact?
A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Reflection
B. Conduction
Which sphere includes living things?
A. Geosphere
B. Atmosphere
C. Biosphere
D. Hydrosphere
C. Biosphere
What causes differences in air pressure?
A. Uneven heating by the Sun
B. Earth's rocks
C. The phases of the Moon
D. Earth's core
A. Uneven heating by the Sun
After a river slows down, sand and soil are dropped along the riverbank.
What process is occurring?
A. Chemical weathering
B. Mechanical weathering
C. Deposition
D. Erosion
Is this a constructive or destructive force?
C. Deposition
Constructive
What landform forms when wind deposits sand over time?
A. Canyon
B. Dune
C. Delta
D. Glacier
B. Dune
A student feels heat from the Sun while standing outside.
Which type of heat transfer is occurring?
A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Reflection
A. Radiation
Which Earth sphere does a glacier belong to?
A. Geosphere
B. Atmosphere
C. Biosphere
D. Cryosphere
D. Cryosphere
Air naturally moves from ______ pressure to ______ pressure.
A. low; high
B. high; low
C. warm; cold
D. cold; warm
B. high; low
Which statement correctly compares weathering and erosion?
A. Weathering moves sediment while erosion breaks rock apart.
B. Erosion forms new rock.
C. They are exactly the same process.
D. Weathering breaks rock apart and erosion moves it.
D. Weathering breaks rock apart and erosion moves it.
How is a plateau different from a mountain?
A. A plateau is a raised area of land with a relatively flat surface, while a mountain rises much higher and has steeper slopes.
B. A plateau forms below sea level, while a mountain forms above sea level.
C. A plateau is formed by deposition, while mountains are formed only by weathering.
D. A plateau is always smaller than a mountain and covered by ice.
A. A plateau is a raised area of land with a relatively flat surface, while a mountain rises much higher and has steeper slopes.
Warm air rises and cool air sinks inside a room.
What type of heat transfer is this?
A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Reflection
C. Convection
A beaver builds a dam using sticks and mud.
Which two spheres are interacting?
A. Biosphere and Geosphere
B. Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
C. Cryosphere and Biosphere
D. Atmosphere and Geosphere
A. Biosphere and Geosphere
During the day, land heats faster than water.
What happens to the air above the land?
A. It cools and sinks.
B. It becomes high pressure.
C. It freezes.
D. It warms and rises.
D. It warms and rises.
Rainwater slowly dissolves part of a limestone cave underground.
Which process is occurring?
A. Chemical weathering
B. Mechanical weathering
C. Deposition
D. Erosion
Is this a constructive or destructive force?
A. Chemical weathering
Destructive
A river slows as it enters an ocean and drops sediment.
What landform is most likely to form?
A. Glacier
B. Delta
C. Plateau
D. Valley
B. Delta
During the afternoon, a parking lot becomes much hotter than a nearby pond.
Which statement best explains why?
A. Water heats and cools more slowly than land.
B. Land reflects all sunlight.
C. Water absorbs no energy.
D. Parking lots create heat energy.
A. Water heats and cools more slowly than land.
Prolonged drought causes a lake to shrink.
Which effect would most likely occur next?
A. Fish populations may decrease.
B. Mountains increase in height.
C. More glaciers instantly form.
D. Earth's atmosphere disappears.
A. Fish populations may decrease.
At the beach during the day, cooler air blows from the water toward the shore.
What type of breeze is this?
A. Land breeze
B. Sea breeze
C. Mountain breeze
D. Valley breeze
B. Sea breeze
A river carries sediment from the mountains and later creates a sandbar at its mouth.
Which sequence of processes occurred?
A. Deposition → Weathering
B. Erosion → Deposition
C. Weathering → Deposition
D. Deposition → Erosion
The formation of the sandbar is best described as a:
A. Destructive force because sediment was moved
B. Destructive force because rock was broken apart
C. Constructive force because sediment was deposited and new land was formed
D. Constructive force because weathering created new rock
B. Erosion → Deposition
C. Constructive force because sediment was deposited and new land was formed
A scientist observes an area where ocean waves continuously shape the land. The area has sandy beaches, sea cliffs, and bays that change over time due to weathering, erosion, and deposition.
Which landform is the scientist most likely describing?
A. Plateau
B. Glacier
C. Coastline
D. Mountain
What evidence best supports your answer?
A. The landform is shaped by moving ice.
B. The landform is located where land meets the ocean and is constantly changed by wave action.
C. The landform forms only from volcanic eruptions.
D. The landform is a high, flat area above the surrounding land.
C. Coastline
B. The landform is located where land meets the ocean and is constantly changed by wave action.
Place each example into the correct category: (Conduction, Convection, Radiation)
A. Metal spoon in hot soup
B. Warm air above a heater
C. Heat from a campfire
D. Bare feet on hot concrete
E. Boiling water
F. Sunlight warming a car
Conduction: A, D
Convection: B, E
Radiation: C, F
Which statement correctly compares the greenhouse effect and ozone layer?
A. Both trap heat.
B. Greenhouse gases trap heat while the ozone layer blocks harmful UV radiation.
C. The ozone layer traps most of Earth's heat.
D. Greenhouse gases block UV radiation.
B. Greenhouse gases trap heat while the ozone layer blocks harmful UV radiation. ✅
A coastal town experiences winds moving from land toward the ocean after sunset.
Why is this happening?
A. Water cools faster than land.
B. The Sun heats both surfaces equally.
C. Land cools faster than water, creating pressure differences.
D. Ocean water rises into the atmosphere.
C. Land cools faster than water, creating pressure differences.