Energy
Energy Forms
Energy Transformation
Heat Transfer
Specific Heat
Let's do Math!
100
Energy is the ability to do _______.
Work
100
The movement of energy through substances in waves.
Sound Energy
100
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed—it can do this.
Transform
100
The average amount of kinetic energy in the particles of an object is called _________.
Temperature
100
Chefs prefer cooking pots made with copper or iron bottoms because metals have a low specific heat, allowing them to do this quickly.
Heat up quickly
100
What is the formula for calculating potential energy?
PE = m x g x h
200
What is the unit of measurement for energy?
Joules (J)
200
A form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by objects like lasers, bulbs, and the sun.
Light Energy
200
A toaster transforms electrical energy into _______ energy.
1. Thermal (heat)
200
Heat transfer is the transfer (movement) of energy between objects at _________ temperatures.
A. The same
B. Greater
C. Different
D. Low
C. Different
200
TRUE or FALSE: It takes different amounts of energy to make the same temperature change in different substances.
TRUE
200
What is the formula for caluclating kinetic energy?
300
What are the 2 main types of energy?
Potential and Kinetic
300
Energy resulting from the flow of electric charges.
Electrical Energy
300
Photosynthesis transforms light energy into _____ energy.
Chemical
300
Thermal energy is always transfered from the ________ object to the _______ object. (Think temperature)
Warmer, Cooler
300
Specific heat is measured in this temperature scale.
Celsius
300
What is the formula to calculate specific heat?
400
What kind of energy is stored in an object due to its position?
Potential Energy
400
Energy that comes from objects in the form of electrical and magnetic waves that can travel through space.
Electromagnetic Energy
400
When a battery-powered flashlight is switched on, this is the complete three-step energy sequence that takes place.
Chemical -> Electrical -> Light
400
Heat transfer through direct contact is __________.
Conduction
400
_________. is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a material
Specific Heat
400
There is a bell at the top of a tower that is 5 m high. The bell has a mass of 0.19 kg. The bell has _____________ energy. Calculate it.
Potential, 9.5 J
500
What kind of energy is in motion?
Kinetic Energy
500
_______ energy is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, like atoms and molecules. This energy is released when a chemical reaction takes place.
Chemical
500
Playing a guitar involves transforming mechanical energy from plucking a string into this type of energy.
Sound Energy
500
What is the transfer of energy through empty space (does not require matter)?
Radiation
500
On a hot summer day at the beach, the ocean water feels cold while the sand burns your feet because sand has a much ________ specific heat capacity.
Lower
500
A 0.4 kg cat jumps with a velocity of 4 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the cat.
3.2 J
600
Energy cannot be _______ or ________. (must name BOTH)
created or destroyed
600
A combination of kinetic and potential energy in an object that is used to do work
Mechanical Energy
600
Solar panels light energy from the sun directly into this form of energy.
Electrical Energy
600
Heat ALWAYS moves from the warmer object to the colder object until their temperatures reach ___________.
Equilibrium
600
Which liquid would have the highest specific heat?
Liquid D
600
Given that the specific heat capacity of gold is 0.129 J/g°C, how much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 3.125 g of gold from 20°C to 31°C?
4.434375 J
700
Name 1 of 2 things that energy CAN do according to the Law of Conservation of Energy.
1. Transform
2. Transfer
700
________ energy is produced when particles in a solid, liquid, or gas are in motion. Also produced by friction.
Thermal
700
Inside a car engine, gasoline undergoes a reaction that converts chemical energy into thermal energy and then into this type of energy to move the wheels.
Mechanical Energy
700
This is heat transfer by movement of liquids and gases.
Convection
700
Using the table above, which materials would be considered insulators?
Water, Ethyl Alcohol, Ice
700
Calculate the kinetic energy of a rock that has a mass of 55 kg rolling down a hill with a velocity of 8 m/s.
1760 J
800
The force that two objects exert on each other when they move against each other, resisting movement.
Friction
800
The energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to generate electricity.
Nuclear Energy
800
When a glowing glowstick is snapped, a chemical reaction occurs that transforms chemical energy directly into this form of energy.
Light Energy
800
Near the ceiling of a room the air is warmer. The warm air rises because of _________.
Convection
800
Scenario: Baking an apple pie involves a metal tin, pastry crust, and apple filling. When removed from the hot oven, the metal tin is cool enough to pick up with bare hands long before the apple filling is safe to eat.
• Rank the three components (Metal Tin, Pastry Crust, Apple Filling) from lowest specific heat to highest specific heat.
Metal Tin, Pastry Crust, Apple Filling
800
Calculate the potential energy of a 2120 kg car sitting on a hill 30 m higher than ground level.
636000 J
900
The energy in a system remains _______.
Constant (the same).
900
When atoms combine, that is called _______.
Fusion
900
When you slam on the brakes of a speeding bicycle, the bicycle's kinetic energy quickly transforms into _______ energy and this other form of energy in the brake pads and tires.
Sound and Thermal
900
Heated particles begin to move ________ .
Quickly
900
Which metal is the BEST conductor? Why?
Metal X. If it loses heat the fastest, it must gain heat the fastest!
900
Two objects were lifted by a machine. The first object had a mass of 2 kg and was lifted at a speed of 2 m/s. The second object had a mass of 4 kg and was lifted at a rate of 3 m/s. Which object had MORE kinetic energy while it was being lifted? (show your math!)
2nd object - 18 J