Forms of Energy
What form of energy is the energy of motion?
Kinetic energy
What type of energy is stored because of an object’s position or height?
Potential energy
According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy cannot be created or
Destroyed
Heat always moves from an object with a ______ temperature to an object with a ______ temperature.
Higher → lower
As particles move faster, what happens to temperature?
Temperature increases.
A glowing light bulb produces what TWO forms of energy?
Light energy and thermal energy
A skateboarder speeds up while traveling downhill. What happens to their kinetic energy?
It increases.
A toaster changes electrical energy mainly into what form of energy?
Thermal energy
A metal spoon becomes hot while sitting in a pot of soup. What type of heat transfer is occurring?
Conduction
Which has faster-moving particles on average: a cup of water at 20°C or a cup of water at 70°C?
The water at 70°C
What form of energy is stored in food, batteries, and fuel?
Chemical energy
Two identical balls are sitting on shelves. Ball A is 1 meter above the ground and Ball B is 3 meters above the ground. Which has more gravitational potential energy?
Ball B
A ball falls from a high shelf. What major energy transformation occurs as it falls?
Gravitational potential energy → kinetic energy
Warm water rises while cooler water sinks in a pot. What type of heat transfer is this?
Convection
What does specific heat tell us about a substance?
How much energy is needed to change its temperature.
A student plucks a guitar string. What form of energy is produced by the vibrating string?
Sound energy
A roller coaster has 4,000 J of potential energy and 2,000 J of kinetic energy. What is its mechanical energy?
6,000 J
A student says, “The energy disappeared when the bouncing ball stopped.” Why is the student incorrect?
Energy was transferred/transformed into other forms, such as thermal energy and sound.
You feel warmth from a heat lamp without touching it. What type of heat transfer is occurring?
Radiation
Substance A and Substance B receive the same amount of energy. Substance A’s temperature increases much more than Substance B’s. Which substance has the LOWER specific heat?
Substance A
A battery-powered flashlight begins with what form of stored energy, and what useful form of energy does it eventually produce?
Chemical energy → light energy
At the top of a hill, a roller coaster has 900 J of potential energy and 100 J of kinetic energy. As it moves down the hill, its potential energy decreases to 300 J.
If total mechanical energy is conserved, how much kinetic energy does it now have?
700 J of kinetic energy because the total mechanical energy remains 1,000 J.
A pendulum is released from its highest point. Describe what happens to its potential and kinetic energy as it swings toward its lowest point.
Potential energy decreases while kinetic energy increases.
A marshmallow is held above a hot plate without touching it. Heated air rises and warms the marshmallow. What type of heat transfer is MOST responsible?
Convection
Water and sand receive the same amount of sunlight. The sand heats up much faster. What does this tell you about their specific heats?
Sand has a lower specific heat than water.