Thermal
What is thermal energy?
Thermal energy is the energy of moving particles of matter
Can matter contain more than one form of energy at a time?
Yes.
Two classifications of energy
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Define conduction
Define convection
Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through a fluid
Does matter need to have heat to have thermal energy?
No! All matter has thermal energy, regardless of its temperature.
Define energy conversion
Energy conversion is the process of one form of energy converting to another form of energy
Name these two forms of energy
M____________ Energy
C____________ Energy
Mechanical
Chemical
Which state of matter does conduction transfer thermal energy through the fastest? put them in order.
Solid to liquid to gas
Name and describe the process of convection
the particles heat up then rise (decreased density), while rising they transfer their thermal energy to the cooler matter (losing their energy), then they fall back down to reheat and repeat the process.
This process is called a convection current
Name the three ways to transfer thermal energy
Thermal Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Provide an example of energy conversion
A popcorn machine starts with electrical energy, then transfers to thermal energy, then mechanical and sound energy.
Name these two forms of energy
E_____________ Energy
E_________________ Energy
Electrical
Electromagnetic
What material(s) is a good thermal conductor?
Metal (copper, aluminum, or steel)
Glass
What material is a good electric conductor?
Metal (copper, aluminum, steel)
Which way does thermal energy always transfer?
Warmer matter > Colder matter
Colder matter > Warmer matter
Mass and Temperature
Name these two forms of energy
S___________ Energy
N___________ Energy
Sound
Nuclear
What material(s) is a thermal insulator?
Clothing, wood, plastic
What material(s) are electric insulators?
Rubber, plastic, wood
Describe thermal radiation
Thermal radiation transfers thermal energy freely, it does not have to interact with matter.
Like the sun, we can feel its heat without having to touch it.
Like our bodies, we radiate body heat into the space around us without having to touch anyone
Which has more thermal energy?
A burning candle or a frozen lake?
How do you know?
A frozen lake has more thermal energy because even though it has a lower temperature, it has a higher mass than a candle. The more mass it has, the more particles and kinetic energy it has.
Define all seven forms of energy
Mechanical; energy of movement
Electrical; energy of electric currents
Electromagnetic; energy from the spectrum
Chemical; energy of stored bonds
Nuclear; radioactive energy
Sound; energy of vibrations
Thermal; energy of particles of matter
Provide an example of conduction
Hot chocolate in a mug warms your hands when holding it.
A baking pan helps bake cookies in the oven.
Provide an example of convection
Wind outside