A Class Divided
What event caused Jane Elliott to create this exercise
the assassination of Martin Luther King
What made Sidra feel welcomed at school?
Her teachers asking her about her culture, her clothes, her religion.
What are identity texts?
Positive statements that students make about themselves. They can be written, spoken, visual, musical, dramatic, or multimodal combinations. They are cognitively challenging and the students choose their topics.
There was a concern that new immigrants were not assimilating fast enough. What was this blamed on?
Does the author agree that this is the cause?
Bilingual education
No.
What did the Loa v. Nichols Supreme Court ruling state?
That children identified as limited in English proficiency must be provided instructional help in school.
How did she divide the students and give one example of a negative statement she made about the group.
blue eyed and brown eyed children. various answers
What did this illustrate about an opportunity and responsibility of teachers?
Teachers have the ability to create environments that affirm identities of ELL's, thereby increasing the confidence with which these students engage in language and literacy activities.
When does active learning take place?
When students take ownership of their learning - when they invest their identities in learning outcomes.
What is subtractive bilingualism
When acquiring English in school results not in bilingualism, but in the erosion or loss of their primary language.
Who/What does the author contend is critical to success in life? Name 2 of the 5 elements she identified as crucial for successful functioning.
The family
sense of belonging, knowledge of who one is and where one comes from, an understanding of how one is connected to the important others and events in one's life, the ability to deal with adversity, and knowing one's responsibility to self, family, and community
What affect did the treatment have on the students' academic performance?
The students that were discriminated against performed poorer than before and the other students did better.
What are the 4 constructs that are not evident in the educational reform NCLB
affect, identity, respect, and human relationships
What was the benefit of identity texts in the classroom.
By welcoming a student's home language, schools facilitated the flow of knowledge, ideas, and feelings between home and school and across languages.
Describe the "No-Cost Study on Families". Who was in it? What was its purpose?
Who: families that were language minorities and had children that attended preschool programs in the U.S. 3 groups: English only or mostly, children's language only or mostly, or both
Purpose: To determine the affect of attending a preschool program that was conducted partly or entirely in English and how it affected the child's language patterns.
In Rodriguez's autobiography "Hunger of Memory" described what happened to the family?
As their children learned English and spoke to them less, the mother was restless and anxious. She tried to speak to the children in English, but often her intrusions often stopped the conversations. The father completely withdrew and stopped talking. The mother became the spokesperson for them. However, the children witnessed their father's enthusiasm when he spoke Spanish with is friends.
What kind of place did she repeat the experiment years later?
A prison
What did the empirical data state had the biggest impact on ELL's literacy development?
The students' home language proficiency at the time of arrival in an English-speaking country is the strongest predictor of English academic development.
What is one positive thing that NCLB has done for ELL's
It has reinserted the achievement of ELL"s and low-income students into policy discussions. Schools cannot meet adequate yearly progress goals without improving these students' achievement.
How did the study view the home language (1st language) being displaced by English? positive or negative
Which group/groups experienced the most negative change
negative
preschool programs in English-only and bilingual reported a 50.6% negative change compared to 10.8 in native language preschool
What's the author's view of speaking English in the U.S.
It is viewed as both a societal language and an ideology. This makes speaking English more valued which affects the positive view of being bilingual that other countries hold.
When talking about discrimination, a white woman said she felt that she had experienced discrimination.
What was another woman's response? Do you agree or disagree with the woman's response. Explain your answer.
What are the 3 conditions for effective learning?
engaging prior understanding and background knowledge, integrating factual knowledge with conceptual frameworks by encouraging deep understanding, and students taking active control over the learning process.
What is at the heart of schooling and what will happen when this permeates all levels of education policymaking.
human relationships
student achievement will increase significantly,
What age did the study find that this problem was most problematic?
Cite two consequences this has on a child?
children in the preschool years - under the age of 5
The consequences of losing a primary language are far reaching: social, emotional, cognitive, and educational development of the children. The integrity of their families are also affected.
What are 3 suggestions the author makes to teachers to address this problem?
1. Teachers can help parents understand they must provide children opportunities to attain a mature command of their first language.
2. Teachers and parents should be aware of the traumatic experiences children may be undergoing as they try to fit into the social world of school.
3. Teachers should help parents understand that the only way ethnic languages and cultures can survive in the U.S. is through community action.