Background
The decade the New York Board of Regents compose the nondenominational school prayer
What is the 1950s?
The petitioner in Engel v. Vitale
What is Steven I. Engel?
The clause of the First Amendment that was central to the case
What is the Establishment Clause?
Wrote the majority opinion in Engel v.Vitale
What is Justice Hugo Black?
The lone dissenter in the case
What is Justice Potter Stewart?
The purpose of the school prayer according to the Board of Regents
What is to promote moral values and civic responsibility?
The date Engel v. Vitale was decided
What is June 25, 1962?
The amendment that extends federal protections to state actions.
What is the 14th Amendment?
The vote count in the Supreme Court's decision
What is 6-1?
Dissenting argument about student rights
What is students had the option to not participate?
The phrase the school prayer started with
What is Almighty God?
The impact on future cases involving religion in public schools
What is setting a precedent for declaring school-sponsored religious activities unconstitutional?
The constitutional principle violated by the state's involvement in organizing a school prayer
What is separation of state and church?
One reason the majority gave for the decision
What is the government had no business promoting religious exercise?
The reason Justice Potter Stewart believed the school prayer was constitutional
What is because it was voluntary and did not establish a state religion?
The ritual the prayer was intended to follow in New York public schools
What is the Pledge of Allegiance?
Engel v. Vitale is still important today
What is set a precedent for separation of church and state in public education?
The clause ensuring individuals aren't deprived of life, liberty, and property by state without fair procedures
What is the Due Process Clause?
The point Justice William O. Douglas made
What is public funding of religious schools also violates the Establishment Clause?
The right Justice Stewart argued was denied to the students
What is the right to participate in the nation's spiritual heritage?
The option students had if their parents objected the school prayer
What is the option to not participate?
Historical significance of the ruling
What is the first time the Supreme Court ruled against religious activities in school?
The way the 14th Amendment ensures states uphold individual rights guaranteed by the Constitution
What is by applying the Due Process Clause to protect fundamental liberties from state infringement?
The reason Justice William O. Douglas agreed with the majority decision
What is because he believed any public promotion of religion, including financial support to religious schools, violates the Establishment Clause?
The original intent of the Establishment Clause
What is to prevent the creation of state-sponsored church rather than preventing all government involvement?