Engine Internals
Cooling and Lubrication
Ignition
Fuel and Air
Diagnosis
100
This component connects the piston to the connecting rod
Wrist Pin/ Piston Pin
100
This component controls the flow of coolant through the radiator
Thermostat
100
Style of ignition system that fires spark plugs on two cylinders at once
Waste Spark
100
Sensor located in the exhaust before the catalytic converter
Air fuel Ratio Sensor/ Sensor 1
100
Increased compression after adding a small amount of oil during a compression test indicates this
Worn Piston Rings
200
Wear on these bearing is a likely cause of low oil pressure
Main bearings
200
This component is controlled by spring pressure to limit maximum oil pressure
Oil pressure relief valve
200
The entire high voltage part of an ignition system is referred to as this
Secondary Ignition System/Voltage
200
A restricted air intake filter will cause this fuel trim
Rich/ Negative Percentage
200
A brief rattle when starting an engine that goes away quickly is most commonly associated with this failure
Worn VVT Gear
300
Small components often launched across room while assembling a cylinder head
Valve Keepers
300
In the event of a clogged oil filter, this prevents loss of oil pressure
Oil Filter Bypass Valve
300
The 2 primary sensors used for Ignition Timing
Crankshaft Position Sensor, Camshaft Position Sensor
300
High positive fuel trim at idle that gets closer to 0 as throttle is opened is a sign of this
Vacuum Leak
300
Complaints of oil consumption and repeated oil leaks are associated with a failure of this valve
Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve
400
System used to increase how far intake or exhaust valves open
Variable Valve lift
400
Located on most Toyota hybrid engine cooling systems, this component often fails after an overheating event or major loss of coolant
Electric Water Pump
400
An unwanted combustion event that happens without the firing of a spark plug
Detonation or Pre Ignition
400
The stochiometric ratio for gasoline combustion
14.7 to 1
400
A fluctuating needle on a vacuum gauge is likely caused by this
Valvetrain Problem
500
The measurement being taken on this valve
Valve Margin Thickness
500
The term that refers to different types of motor oils being able to blend with each other
Miscible
500
Typical resistance of a standard spark plug wire per foot
5,000 to 10,000 ohms
500
A proper operating A/F or 02 sensor should respond within this amount of time to a change in air or fuel
100ms
500
Condition that causes an extended crank or no start condition after a hot soak
Fuel System Vapor Lock