Key Terms
This term describes the belief that people who share a language, culture, or history should form a nation.
What is nationalism?
Before unification, Italy was divided into many small states and influenced by this foreign power in the north.
What is Austria?
This energy source allowed factories to move away from rivers and operate more efficiently.
What is steam power?
This country industrialized first and became the world’s leading industrial power in the early 1800s.
What is Great Britain?
This belief claimed Europeans had a duty to civilize and educate other peoples.
What is the civilizing mission?
European demand for this raw material led to violent exploitation in the Congo
What is rubber?
This term refers to the shift from hand-powered production to machine-based factory production beginning in the late 1700s.
What is industrialization (or the Industrial Revolution)?
This Italian leader used diplomacy, alliances, and modernization to push unification from the top down.
Who is Count Camillo di Cavour?
These transportation networks helped move goods, people, and troops quickly within a country.
What are railroads?
This German state led unification due in part to its strong industry and military.
What is Prussia?
This poem by Rudyard Kipling promoted the idea that empire was a moral responsibility.
What is The White Man’s Burden?
This country experienced rebellion against British rule in 1857.
What is India?
This political strategy, associated with Otto von Bismarck, focused on practical goals over ideology.
What is Realpolitik?
This charismatic revolutionary led the Red Shirts and helped unify southern Italy.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
Name one industrial resource that was essential for machinery, weapons, or railroads.
What is coal or iron?
This Asian country rapidly modernized after contact with the West in the mid-1800s.
What is Japan?
This motive for expansion focused on raw materials, markets, and profit.
What is economic motivation?
This African kingdom successfully resisted European conquest in the late 1800s.
What is Ethiopia?
This word describes nationalism that brings people together into a single political unit, as in Italy or Germany.
What is unifying nationalism?
This German leader argued that unity would be achieved through “blood and iron.”
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
This communication technology allowed governments to send information instantly across long distances.
What is the telegraph?
Name one reason late industrializers like Germany or Japan were able to industrialize quickly.
What is state-led reform, government investment, or borrowing technology?
This motive focused on national prestige, competition, and strategic advantage
What is political or strategic motivation?
This Asian country attempted reforms to strengthen itself after defeats in the Opium Wars.
What is China?
This term describes nationalism that weakens multiethnic empires by encouraging different ethnic or cultural groups to seek independence.
What is divisive nationalism?
Name one multiethnic empire in Europe that was weakened by nationalist movements in the 19th century.
What is the Austrian (Habsburg) Empire or the Ottoman Empire?
According to the unit, name two ways industrialization increased a nation’s military or economic power.
What are mass production, faster transportation (railroads/steamships), instant communication (telegraph), or improved weapons?
By the end of the 19th century, three nations were engaged in an industrial rivalry. Name any 2 of the 3.
What is England, Germany, and/or the United States?
This is largely believed to be the "engine" of Imperial expansion. It is the most significant factor contributing to the rise of imperialism in the 19th century.
What is Industrialism?
In response to Western imperial pressure, Japan launched this period of political and economic reform beginning in 1868.
What is the Meiji Restoration?