Phonetics
What is phonetics?
The study of speech sounds (phonemes)
What is the goal of phonics instruction?
To help children learn and use the alphabetic principle.
What is the goal of whole language instruction?
To teach children how to construct meaning during reading, using prior learning and experience to make sense of the whole text.
What is a syllable?
A combination of vowels and consonants
What is a morpheme?
The smallest unit of meaning
What is a phoneme?
a meaningful distinct unit of sound
True or false? Phonics instruction is most effective when it begins after 1st grade?
False. Phonics instruction is most effective when it begins in kindergarten or first grade
Student's motivation for literacy in the whole language approach is ___?
What is a nucleus?
The strongest and loudest part of the syllable. Usually a vowel.
The pattern of children leaving out most grammatical/functional morphemes is called ____.
telegraphic
What is an accent?
When someone uses the phonemic inventory from their native language in another language
What is phonemic awareness?
The knowledge that words are made up of separate phonemes (meaningful sound segments and not "letters"). For example, knowing that sh≠[s]+[h] but [š]/[∫]
A whole language classroom will view students as a _____ of _____.
A community of learners.
Whats the difference between an onset and a coda?
Onsets are the sounds that come before the nucleus, and codas are the sounds that come after the nucleus.
True or false? The "monolithic" myth refers to the idea that there is one singular version of a language.
True. (So why do we call it THE English Department? Why not Department of Englishes? 🤔)
What's a minimal pair? Why are they important?
A set of two words that differ only in one phoneme. They prove that the changed sounds are phonemes because the meaning of the words change.
Systematic and explicit phonics instruction improves a child's ____, ____, and ____?
Word recognition, spelling, and reading comprehension
How are students assessed with the Whole Language approach?
With portfolios, anecdotal records, or other alternate forms of assessment because both process and product are important.
Which is more common codas or onsets? Why?
Onsets! The sounds that lead into the nucleus are easier to tell apart than those after the nucleus.
Name the order of the stages of L1 acqusition
babbling, one-word stage (one-morpheme), two-word stage, telegraphic stage (multi-morpheme), and later multiword stage
What are the muscles/cavities in your mouth called for linguists?
The vocal tract
What does it mean for a phonics program to be systematic and explicit?
A phonics program is systematic and explicit when it 1. includes a carefully selected set of letter-sound relationships ordered into a logical sequences and 2. when it provides teachers with precise directions for the teaching of these letter-sound relationships.
How does L1 acquisition research apply to the Whole Language approach?
Because children learn their L1 socially and in complete streams of functional/purposeful language, teachers ought to involve students in using and leaning written language functionally and purposefully to meet their own needs.
Breakdown the word "back" into the syllable parts.
[b] = onset (o), [æ] = nucleus (n), [k] = coda (c)
What are the fours ways of comparing formal and informal registers?
Sound, vocabulary, grammar, and discourse.