Wars
The Seven Years' War goes by this name for its North American phase.
What is the French and Indian War?
He wrote the document that formally started the American Revolution; it expresses broad statements of equality and human rights.
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
He discovered Jupiter's moons, mountains on the earth's moon, and sunspots; he also found trouble with the Catholic church.
Who is Galileo?
Queen Elizabeth I took the throne at the death of this queen, Elizabeth's very Catholic half-sister.
Who is Mary I (Bloody Mary)?
Master of the English language, this Elizabethan playwright wrote tragedies, comedies, and histories; he also wrote over 150 sonnets.
Who is William Shakespeare?
The English Civil War pitted King Charles I and his Cavaliers against the Puritan Roundheads, led by this man -- the poster boy for democracy gone bad.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
He built on the idea that people formed government through a social contract and tied it to natural rights; he originated the idea that the purpose of government is to protect people and their natural rights.
Who is John Locke?
His universal law of gravitation explained motion in the universe.
Who is Isaac Newton?
Prussia's refusal to recognize this royal's ascension to the throne led to its taking of Silesia and the War of Austrian Succession.
Who is Empress Maria Theresa?
Mozart and Haydn were leading composers of this musical style that emerged in the time of the Enlightenment.
What is the Classical style?
The last of the religious wars, it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia, destroying the Holy Roman Empire.
What is the Thirty Years' War?
Rene Descartes argued for the primacy of reason: The mind cannot be doubted. I think therefore this.
What is I am? I think therefore I am.
This English philosopher framed the scientific method as a systematic way of collecting and analyzing evidence; his point was that we should learn by inductive reasoning, moving from the particular to the general.
Who was Francis Bacon?
In Europe, the Seven Years' War became another stalemate after the Russian czar threw his support behind this Prussian ruler and brilliant military strategist.
Who is Frederick the Great?
The Spanish author Miguel Cervantes wrote this great novel about the realist squire, Sancho Panza, and the visionary knight for whom the book is named.
What is Don Quixote?
War in France raged between Catholics and this Calvinist group until its leader became king. Later Louis XIV destroyed its churches and schools, forcing 200,000 people to flee France.
Who are the French Huguenots?
His Wealth of Nations is the great original work in Economics, reflecting the laissez-faire ideal of letting people pursue their own economic self-interest.
Who is Adam Smith?
This Polish astronomer put forward a heliocentric or sun-centered description of the universe.
Who is Copernicus?
Philip II sent this force to conquer England and destroy Protestantism. The English navy defeated it, leaving Spain bankrupt and no longer a great power.
What is the Spanish Armada?
Handel's oratorio, Messiah, and Bach's many works are preeminent examples of this musical style.
What is Baroque music?
Spain struggled to maintain control over this distant territory and ultimately had to let it go its own way as a separate Protestant nation.
What is the Netherlands?
This French noble studied government structure and concluded that separating government power into three branches, each limiting and controlling the others, protected against tyranny.
Who is Montesquieu?
This German mathematician and scientist showed that the planets' orbits are elliptical and proved the accuracy of heliocentric systems.
Who is Kepler?
Czar who was determined to Westernize Russia; he published the first Russian book of etiquette.
Who is Peter the Great?
Renaissance art gave way to mannerism and then baroque art, which was then replaced by this style that was highly secular, reflecting the Enlightenment culture with lightness and charm that spoke of the pursuit of love, pleasure, and happiness.
What is the rococo style?