Queen Elizabeth I
What are two reasons Elizabeth traveled through the English countryside?
She traveled to escape the heat, dirt, and smell of London, and to connect with her subjects, both noble and common.
What did Francis Drake and other English sailors do to Spanish ships traveling back from the Spanish colonies in the Americas to Spain?
They attacked and robbed the Spanish ships of their riches.
Whom did Elizabeth I name as her successor?
She named King James IV of Scotland, who in England was called James I.
Why was putting Charles I on trial for treason so shocking to many English people?
Many people believed in the divine right of kings. They could not accept that a king chosen by God to rule a country could betray that country and be tried for treason.
With the Scots, he fought against Oliver Cromwell and his government.
For her coronation, what did Elizabeth do to show her power as monarch?
Why did Elizabeth I make Francis Drake a knight?
He brought back to England riches he'd taken from Spanish ships while circumnavigating the globe.
How were the two groups of English colonists who settled in what is now New England different?
The Separatists wanted to separate from the Church of England, and they became known as Pilgrims. The Puritans wanted to purify or change the Church of England, and they lived daily life in plain and simple ways.
What can you conclude from the fact that Oliver Cromwell's army prevented men opposed to the king's trail from attending the trial?
Why did Parliament invite Charles II back to rule England as king?
Cromwell's successor, his son Richard, was not a strong leader, and many English people wanted to return to a government of a king and Parliament.
After she became queen, why did Elizabeth have her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots, brought to trial, and what was the outcome?
Mary Queen of Scots was caught in a plot to have Elizabeth killed and was brought to trial and found guilty.
Why did Mary Queen of Scots name the Spanish King Philip II as successor to the English throne?
Philip was Catholic, like Mary Queen of Scots, and Mary wanted the English throne to be occupied by a Catholic monarch. Philip II had also been married to Mary I, who held the English throne before Elizabeth; Mary may have thought that the throne should have passed to Mary I's husband instead of her half sister (Elizabeth).
How did Charles I marriage create problems in the English government?
Members of England's government were angered by the number of priests and other Catholics that Charles' wife (Henrietta Maria) brought with her to England.
How did Oliver Cromwell become "Lord Protector?"
The army made him head of the country after he refused to become King.
Why were people in England concerned about having Charles II's son, James II, on the throne?
How did Elizabeth I manage conflicts between the Catholics and the Protestants?
She included aspects of both the Catholic and Protestant religion in her coronation; she did not persecute her subjects for their religious beliefs; she combined and introduced aspects of both the Catholic Church ceremony and the Protestant Church of England ceremony into the Church of England she reestablished during her reign.
What advantages did the English have, and how did they help them defeat the Spanish Armada?
Because the English knew the currents of the water where the battles took placed, they could set empty ships on fired and let the ocean currents carry them toward the Armada. Their ships were also easier to control and move because of their small size. Finally, storms shipwrecked the armada on the coastlines of Ireland and Scotland.
What happened when Charles I ordered Presbyterians in Scotland to use the prayer book like the one used in the Church of England?
A Scottish army marched into England.
Why might Cromwell's rule have been considered harsh?
He implemented strict laws based on Puritan beliefs. He imposed harsh, often violent, policies on Catholics in Ireland.
Why did Parliament ask William of Orange to invade England?
Why might Elizabeth's rule of England and this time period in history be called the "Elizabethan Age?'
Elizabeth unified and strengthened her kingdom. Her reign was a time of great literature and exploration, including the works of William Shakespeare and the exploits of Sir Francis Drake.
Why might the Catholics in England have chosen to be loyal to their Protestant queen, rather than support Philip of Spain?
Elizabeth I did not persecute Catholics; she combined both Catholic and Protestant practices in the new Protestant Church of England that she developed; English Catholics may have been fearful of rule by a foreign king, even though he was Catholic.
Who were the Cavaliers? Who were the Roundheads?
The Cavaliers were Royalists or supporters of King Charles. The Roundheads were those who supported Parliament.
For about two hundred years after his death, how was Cromwell remembered? How is he remembered by historians today?
He was remembered as the man who executed a king and ruled as a dictator. Today, historians believe Cromwell helped move England toward a more democratic system.
What laws and religion did William of Orange and his wife, Mary, promise to uphold at their coronation? How was the Glorious Revolution important to the development of democracy in England?
William and Mary promised to uphold the laws of Parliament and to uphold the Protestant religion. The Glorious Revolution was important to the development of democracy because the rulers agreed to uphold Parliament's laws. It also showed that rulers would be removed from power without war or execution.