AAVE
AAVE is the abbreviation for this much longer term.
What is African American Vernacular English?
This approach to studying women's speech holds that "differences result from power relations between men and women and the general social dominance of men over women"
What is he dominance approach?
What is WWI?
What is multi-modal discourse?
This is the term given to developments in language and culture which involve a mixture of global and local influences.
What is glocalization?
"Sometimes my ears be itching," is an example of this.
What is habitual be?
This approach to studying women's speech holds that "female speech is biologically deficient to male speech and contains less vocabulary"
What is the deficit approach?
Bilingualism which is considered to be socially advantageous, usually involving high-status speakers and prestigious languages
What is Elite Bilingualism?
This is seen as language use combined with other social practices and a way of representing facets of the world. It can be thought of as "conventional ways of thinking."
What is Discourse?
The bilingualism which arises due to migration of individuals and groups from one language area to another; is often stigmatized.
What is immigrant Bilingualism.
A variety of language that is strongly associated with a particular ethnic population, for example African American English, Cajun English, or Latino English.
What is an Ethnolect?
This approach to studying women's language holds that "women and men exist in different spaces and have different social cultures"
What is the difference approach?
This is the term given to to the immigration of over 24 million people to American between 1880 and 1924.
What is The Great Migration?
Linguistic features which are used only by members of one gender group or another.
This difficult to define concept is often discussed using the following 6 parameters:
•Origins that precede or are external to the state
•Group membership that is involuntary
•Ancestral tradition rooted in a shared sense of peoplehood
•Distinctive value orientations and behavioral patterns
•Influence of the group on the lives of its members
•Group membership influenced by how members define themselves and how they are defined by others
What is Ethnicity?
This AAVE Origin Theory holds that a creole was developed through early contact between Africans and Europeans.
What is the Creolist Hypothesis?
The following are examples of how language can be seen as this:
•Gendered Occupational Terms (policeman/policewoman)
•Generic 'he' and 'man'
•Relationships of Association ('husband and wife' not 'wife and husband')
•Gender-based Forms of Address ('Ms', 'Miss', 'Mrs' vs 'Mr')
What is sexist?
A vowel shift or rotation in which the low back vowels are moving forward and upward and the short front vowels are moving downward and backward
What is the Northern Cities Vowel Shift?
This is the linguistic and interactional features that individuals may not be conscious of or able to change easily.
What is Discourse Style?
Daily Double!
English is used for almost all functions by the majority of the population in this linguistic region.
What is the Inner Circle?
These are forms in vernacular varieties which look like standard usage but are used in a structurally or functionally different way.
What are camouflaged forms?
Example of this include:
Verbal/non-verbal feedback to show listening, encouraging others to continue speaking, instances of you and we, less protesting when interrupted
What is Back Channeling?
This native American variety of English is the result of its namesake tribe "relinquish[ing] its ancestral language heritage to accommodate to the sociopolitically, economically, and militarily more powerful Europeans who encroached upon their territory." This led to the eventual federal disenfranchisement of the tribe due to their lack of a "native language."
What is Lumbee English?
The incorporation of all aspects of a speaker's repertoire into discourse including elements from different varieties, registers, and styles?
What is translanguaging?
A situation in which language policy and the patterns of language use by elite members of society effectively prevents non-elites from access to the linguistic resources they need to gain social, cultural, and economic capital
What is Elite Closure?