Covering the Basics
This refers the sound components of language
What is phonology?
The theoretical framework used in a particular area of study or activity to conduct research.
What is methodology?
This is a boundary or point that indicates where a specific linguistic feature is found.
What is an isogloss?
The study of language in the context of social factors, such as region, gender, race, occupation, class, upbringing, religion, etc.
What is sociolinguistics?
The belief that language should be studied for how it is spoken rather than how it should be spoken.
What is descriptivism?
This shows us the rules and structure of phrases and sentences in a given language or variety of a language.
What is grammar?
The belief that there is one dialect which is superior to others, and that this is a ‘natural’ order of things.
What is standard language ideology?
This is made up of several isoglosses grouped together in the same general location.
What is a dialect boundary?
A secret word is used solely within a fraternity and not understood or used by non-members. This illustrates what pattern of linguistic use?
What is group-exclusive use?
The capability of being understood by both sides; used to discuss different languages or dialects and whether the speakers can understand each other.
What is mutual intelligibility ?
This is related to the vocabulary of a language or dialect
What is lexicon?
The language spoken within a particular social group, the study of such varieties.
The gradual change of language over space; while the varieties at either end may not be mutually intelligible, the adjacent varieties are.
What is a dialect continuum?
In a courtroom, attorneys avoid slang and follow formal speech expectations shared by legal professionals. These shared expectations are known as what?
Linguistic Norms
This phenomenon occurs because researchers are inherently involved in the research process and therefore always influence the results in some way.
What is the Observer's paradox?
The meaning of each constructed word and how that meaning is assigned in the language or variety relates to this.
What is semantics?
The study of attitudes about how people speak in different regions.
What is perceptual dialectology?
Daily Double!
A problem with using mutual intelligibility to distinguish between languages and dialects occurs when trying to classify these two languages in China.
What are Mandarin and Cantonese?
The idea that some aspects of language use change over time within the speech of an individual.
What is age-grading?
A white suburban teenager uses features of African American English in peer-group conversations, despite not being a member of that speech community. What is he doing?
Crossing
This refers to language use as it relates to speakers’ and hearers’ beliefs, attitudes, and intentions.
What is pragmatics?
Beliefs that dominate a society due to group consensus and/or complacency
What is Hegemonic ideologies?
The term "B'hoys" find its origins in this immigrant population.
Who are the Irish?
The context in which particular ways of speaking take on different symbolic values within a society.
What is linguistic marketplace?
A hiring manager interprets a Southern accent as “less professional,” linking pronunciation to competence and status. What socio-linguistic practice is this?
Indexicality or Indexing