Characters
The author tells the audience what the personality of the character is.
What is direct characterization?
A framework used to analyze and outline the structure of stories from beginning to end (exposition, climax, resolution, etc.).
What is Freytag's Pyramid?
Red rose= romance
Green traffic light= go
Ring= commitment or marriage
Red, white, and blue= American patriotism
What is symbolism?
The three types of author's purpose.
What is to entertain, to inform, and to persuade?
One row of words in a poem.
What is a line?
Power, money, love, revenge, survival, etc.
What is character motivation?
The turning point of the story. Typically when the main conflict's outcome is determined.
What is the climax?
Third person omniscient point-of-view
What is it when the reader knows all the thoughts and feelings of multiple characters in the story?
When an author tries to change your opinion about something.
What is persuasion?
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of multiple words.
What is alliteration?
A character who represents a specific set of universal, recognizable behaviors. (Hero, Outlaw, Explorer, Creator, Ruler, Magician, Lover, Caregiver, etc.)
What is an archetype?
Plot point in The Three Little Pigs:
The wolf is so scared of the three little pigs that he runs off into the forest. The three little pigs are never bothered by the wolf again, and they live happily ever after.
To build suspense in the story, and to hint about something that might happen later in the story, without being too obvious.
What is foreshadowing?
Choose 3 text structures to define:
Description
Sequence
Cause & Effect
Compare & Contrast
Problem & Solution
Describes a topic and its characteristics
Discusses events and the order in which they took place
What happened and why
Compares similarities and difference between two things
Describes a problem & offers a solution
Giving human-like qualities to animals or non-living things.
Example: The wind howled.
What is personification?
Example:
Throughout The Cat in the Hat, three different illustrations portray the fish scowling at the cat immediately after each of the cat's mischievous activities. But when the cat returns to clean up his mess at the end of the story the fish is shown with a smile on his face.
Through this we know the cat has a negative effect on the fish at first, but the fish ends up liking him.
What is indirect characterization?
What is the event in the story that launches the main journey?
What is the incident that sets the story in motion?
The bright green grass, dusted lightly with morning dew, swayed gently to the wind's rhythm.
Shaking with hunger, he took a violent bite out of the apple, and was immediately struck by the strong taste of vinegar. Tossing the rancid apple aside, he grunted in desperate frustration.
Body-wracking sobs from the prison cell echoed throughout the corridors of the Tower of London.
What is imagery?
The three types of rhetoric (named and defined).
Ethos uses ethics
Pathos uses emotions
Logos uses logic
The person/ thing talking in the poem-- it is not necessarily the author.
What is the speaker?
When Mrs. Halpern saw what the dog had done, she lost her temper completely. “That dog goes straight to the pound!” she screamed.
Just then Louella Sneed, the neighborhood gossip, came barging in. “I suppose it was that stray dog that broke all the dishes.” She said knowingly. “I told you a stray would only mean trouble. Why I remember when the Johanssen boy brought a stray home—“ She broke off as a loud banging came from the yard.
Mrs. Halpern walked outside with Louella close at her heels. There she saw her daughter Katey, hammer in hand, banging together what appeared to be a doghouse.
Katey looked up, a plea in her eyes. “I thought if I always kept him on a leash—or tied up here—“
Mrs. Halpern’s eyes softened as she viewed the hard efforts her daughter had made. “All right,” she said. “You can keep the beast. But just be sure that he doesn’t get into the house again.”
Mrs. Halpern's character traits (must be two different ones):
What is...
short-tempered, quick to anger, etc.
+
soft, compassionate, loving, etc.
It was dark and a little eerie by the campfire where Jonas and his friends were huddled. They were telling ghost stories, and each boy tried to make his story scarier than the last. Jonas looked around to see if his dad was anywhere nearby. Suddenly, they heard a loud crack and rustling in the nearby woods. "What's that?" whispered Jonas to the boy next to him. He didn't want to admit it, but he was downright scared now. His heart was racing. He could see a large shadowy figure approaching, holding something that looked like a knife. ~"Thought you might want to toast some marshmallows," said Jonas's father as he stepped into the light of the fire. He held up a bag of marshmallows in one hand and metal skewers--not a knife--in the other.~ Jonas and his friends breathed sighs of relief. His father taught the group a secret trick for making toasted marshmallows, and they each ate about fifteen.
What is the climax?
Hazel Lancaster is being forced to go to a support group named God’s Heart because her doctor thinks she’s depressed about her cancer diagnosis. This is her description of those meetings.
Identify the mood and tone:
So here’s how it went in God’s Heart: The six or seven or ten of us walked/wheeled in, grazed at a decrepit selection of cookies and lemonade, sat down in the Circle of Trust, and listened to Patrick recount for the thousandth time his depressingly miserable life story— […] they thought he was going to die but he didn’t die and now here he is, a full-grown adult in a church basement in the 137th nicest city in America, divorced […].
Mood: What is depressing, downhearted, uncomfortable, etc.?
Tone: What is bitter, matter-of-fact, annoyed, uncaring, etc.?
Identify the central idea:
The United States seems to be in love with the idea of going out to eat. Because of this, a real variety of restaurants has come about specializing in all kinds of foods. McDonald’s is the king of a subgroup of restaurants called fast-food restaurants. Chances are, no matter where you live, there is a McDonald’s restaurant near you. There are even McDonald’s in the Soviet Union. Now McDonald’s is trying something new. It is called McDonald’s Express and there is a test site in Peabody, Massachusetts. It is part of a Mobil gas station. This allows you to fill up with gas and fill up on food at the same time. What will they think of next?
McDonalds is one of the most popular fast food chains and will only continue to grow larger.
The speaker in the first 9 lines of the poem.
I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.
Whatever I see I swallow immediately
Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.
I am not cruel, only truthful—
The eye of a little god, four-cornered.
Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall.
It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long
I think it is a part of my heart. But it flickers.
Faces and darkness separate us over and over.
Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me,
Searching my reaches for what she really is.
Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.
I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.
She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.
I am important to her. She comes and goes.
Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.
In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman
Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish.
What is a mirror?
Poem is Mirror by Sylvia Plath