How Appealing!
This appeal focuses on facts and reason.
Logos
This is one of the most straightforward devices to find because of its distinctive punctuation mark.
Rhetorical Question
A man escapes an abusive environment that restricts him intellectually, spiritually, and physically.
The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
"I used to float, now I just fall down. I used to know, but I'm not sure now. What I was made for."-Billie Eilish
Parallelism
“I need an army of lawyers like you, Sam. An army of lawyers who don’t even know they want to make a difference… Who I can train.”
Marshall
This appeal focuses on emotion.
Pathos
Anaphora and antistrophe are types of this device that deals with repeated patterns of words.
Parallelism
A man wanders around, considering what it might be like to be a transparent eyeball (maybe with legs) in the wild.
Nature (Emerson)
"I guess that therapist I found for you, she really helped."-Olivia Rodrigo
Exemplification
"There is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide;"
Emerson
Ethos can focus on either of these two things.
Credibility or Authority
This term deals with the logical correlation between two events. Although the term uses two specific words, these two words do not need to appear in the text for it to be considered this.
If/Then
A woman rewrites a historical document to demonstrate a feminist point.
The Declaration of Sentiments (Fuller)
"You sweet like Fanta ooh."-Rema and Selena Gomez
Analogy (or metaphor)
“The motto which I adopted...- ‘Trust no man!’”
Frederick Douglass
This type of pathos focuses on a person's love of their country or community.
Appeal to Patriotism
This term describes when an author is comparing two things (side by side) to create a contrasting effect.
Juxaposition
A man is like, "We can't handle anarchy, but it could be cool if we could."
Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)
"Call me by your name, tell me you love me in private."-Lil Naz X
Allusion
"There will never be a really free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly."
Thoreau
This type of pathos focuses on a person's need to feel good about themself.
Appeal to Vanity
This device references a work (book, religious text, historical event, mythology) outside the speech.
Allusion
This text suggests that being misunderstood is a good thing.
Self-Reliance (Emerson)
You cannot answer parallelism. "It’s me, hi, I’m the problem, it’s me."-Taylor Swift
Redefining Terms
"It may well be an Anti-Slavery party that pleads for Woman, if we consider merely that she does not hold property on equal terms with men; so that, if a husband dies without making a will, the wife, instead of taking at once his place as head of the family, inherits only a part of his fortune, often brought him by herself, as if she were a child, or ward only, not an equal partner."
Margaret Fuller