Phonetics and Morphology
What is the linguistic term for words that mimic the sound they describe, like "buzz" or "clang"?
Onomatopoeia
What is the term for a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea, such as "dog," "school," or "happiness"?
Noun
What are words or phrases like "however," "well," or "you know" called that help to organize and manage conversation, indicating shifts or connections in speech?
Discourse Markers.
What is the figure of speech called that compares two different things using "like" or "as," such as "as brave as a lion"?
Simile.
What are the three types of Australian accents?
broad, general and cultivated.
Which linguistic process involves one sound becoming more like a neighboring sound in a word? For example, in "handbag," the "d" sound may assimilate to a "b" sound, resulting in "hambag."
Assimilation
In the sentence "She sings beautifully," which word is the adverb?
Beautifully
What is the term for a conversational structure where one speaker’s utterance prompts a specific type of response from the next speaker, such as "How are you?" followed by "I'm good, thank you"?
Adjacency Pairs.
What is the term for a figure of speech where a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable, such as calling time "a thief"?
Metaphor.
What attitude to language focuses on language behaviour that is observed without making judgements?
Descriptivism.
What is the linguistic term for the omission of a sound or syllable in speech, such as when "going to" is pronounced as "gonna"?
Elision
In the sentence "The cake was eaten by the children," which voice is used, and what would the sentence look like in the active voice?
The sentence is in the passive voice. In the active voice, it would be "The children ate the cake."
What is the practice called when a speaker alternates between two or more languages or dialects within a conversation or sentence, often influenced by context or social situation?
Code-Switching.
What is the term for a situation where the intended meaning of words is opposite to their literal meaning, often used for humorous or emphatic effect, such as saying "What a beautiful day" during a storm?
Irony.
State three functions of language
Any of: referential, emotive, conative, phatic, metalinguistic, poetic.
What is the term for the affectionate or diminutive form of a name or word, often created by adding a suffix such as "-ie" or "-o," as seen in the Australian use of "Aussie" for Australian or "Salvo" for Salvation Army?
Hypocoristic Use of Suffixes.
What is the linguistic process called when a verb or adjective is converted into a noun, such as turning "decide" into "decision" or "happy" into "happiness"?
Nominalisation
What is the term for the selection of specific words or phrases to convey meaning or tone in a given context, such as choosing "happy" instead of "joyful" or "angry" instead of "irate"?
Lexical Choice.
What is the term for a figure of speech where a more mild or indirect word or phrase is used to replace a more direct or blunt one, often to soften the impact of the message, such as using "relocated" instead of "fired"?
Euphemism.
What type of prestige is associated with powerful groups or institutions in society?
Overt.
Identify the linguistic process that forms a new word by merging parts of two or more words, as seen in "smog" (from "smoke" and "fog") or "brunch" (from "breakfast" and "lunch").
Blending
Identify the syntactic patterning used in the phrase "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times," which juxtaposes contrasting ideas in a parallel structure to highlight a contrast.
Antithesis
What is the term for the use of linguistic tools such as reference chains, conjunctions, and lexical repetition to connect sentences and clauses in a text, ensuring that elements are linked and the text functions as a unified whole?
Cohesion.
What is the term for a category of related words that share a common conceptual theme or field, such as the group of words associated with emotions including "happiness," "sadness," and "anger"?
Semantic Domain
What is the term for a written symbol, typically punctuation, which provides additional meaning within a context. For example # can be interpreted as a number or topic marker, depending on the context.
Context-Specific Grapheme.