Vocabulary
Different parts of the government hold different powers and perform different functions.
A. Different Forces
B. Separation of powers
C. Divided government
B. Separation of powers
Rules from nature that explained how people behaved, just as the laws of gravity could explain how objects moved.
A. Jungle rules
B. Forest Code
C. Natural law
C. Natural law
The principle that all members of society must obey the same set of rules, without exception, including government officials, the very rich, and the poor.
A. Rule of Law
B. Rule of Might
C. Law of Violence
A. Rule of Law
The movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries in which thinkers brought the light of reason to everything they studied.
A. Enlightenment ideas
B. Creative notions
C. Renaissance theory
A. Enlightenment ideas
A political pamphlet that attacked the idea of monarchy in favor of representative self-government.
A. Basic Thinking
B. Common Sense
C. Clear Minds
B. Common Sense
The BRITISH thinker who developed the idea of tabula rasa (blank slate) theory, the social contract, and the idea that governments receive power from the people and not from a divine authority.
A. Ben Franklin
B. John Locke
C. Paul Atreides
B. John Locke
An Englishman who visited the American colonies published a pamphlet that attacked monarchy and favored representative self-government.
A. Christopher Tucker
B. Bilbo Baggins
C. Thomas Paine
C. Thomas Paine
The political idea that a king can not collect new taxes without the approval of Parliament (the people’s representatives).
A. No taxation without representation
B. Less harsh taxes
C. Appealing to the king
A. No taxation without representation
The principle that people of all religious beliefs should be able to practice their religions openly and live peaceably together.
A. Spiritual truth
B. Judeo-Christian principles
C. Religious liberty
B. Judeo-Christian principles
The idea that the consequences of the crime committed need to be proportional and not too violent or harsh.
A. No excessive punishments
B. Fewer horrible crimes
C. Eye for an eye
A. No excessive punishments
The idea that people can govern themselves without a king or higher authority.
A. Democracy
B. Republicanism
C. Representative self-government
C. Representative self-government
A specific liberty that is documented as part of the law and protected.
A. Super liberty
B. Protected right
C. Defended right
B. Protected right
Where a group of people agrees to form a community. The people agree to follow the ruler, and the ruler protects the people.
A. Community Compact
B. Agreement of persons
C. Social contract
C. Social contract
The written constitution passed by Parliament in 1689 that limited the powers of the king or queen.
A. British Statutes of Law
B. English Bill of Rights
C. Wessex Compact of Agreements
B. English Bill of Rights
The specific liberties protected under the English Bill of Rights, specifically the defense of those liberties.
A. Right to peace, bread, and land
B. Right to quality, brotherhood, and liberty
C. Right to life, liberty, and property
C. Right to life, liberty, and property
Certain basic rights, based on reason, that apply to all societies, including the rights to life, liberty, and property.
A. Personal Privileges
B. The People’s Rights
C. Natural rights
C. Natural rights
Latin for “show the body”; a legal term meaning the person accused has the right to see the evidence against them,
A. Responsum Erroneum
B. Habeas Corpus
C. Lavas las Manos
B. Habeas Corpus
Government gets its authority from the people. Citizens give permission for the government to exercise power.
A. Permission of the people
B. Agreement of the masses
C. Consent of the governed
C. Consent of the governed
A notion that a trial is presided over (listened to and judged) by people who are like the person accused and that it does not take too long to come to a verdict.
A. Right to a speedy and fair jury trial
B. Right to a quick talk
C. Right to a fast arrest
A. Right to a speedy and fair jury trial
The beginning of the American constitutional republic, including the founding documents: The Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights.
A. The Founding
B. The Establishing
C. The Beginning
A. The Founding
The written document signed by the Mayflower pilgrims that dictated the rules and laws they agreed to follow in their new colony.
A. Mayflower Compact
B. Mayflower Contract
C. Mayflower Boat Agreement
A. Mayflower Compact
We are all equal as human beings and are entitled to the same rights as other people.
A. Equitable people
B. Equality of mankind
C. Fair folks
B. Equality of mankind
The right to expect just treatment and the help of the government in pursuing justice from others.
A. Right to equity
B. Right to be heard
C. Right to justice
C. Right to justice
A trial in which the accused has the opportunity to defend themselves and hear evidence against them in a court of law.
A. Right to an equal right
B. Right to a fair trial
C. Right to free speech
B. Right to a fair trial
The notion that governments do not have unlimited power to treat their subjects or citizens any way they want.
A. Limitation of government power
B. Protection of individual rights
C. Reduction of royalty
A. Limitation of government power
A FRENCH Enlightenment thinker who popularized the ideas of the separation of powers to reduce the probability of abuse of power.
A. Baron de Montesquieu
B. Count de Monee
C. Robert le Bilder
A. Baron de Montesquieu
The idea and practice that a government cannot take away a person’s life, liberty, or property without a fair process, such as a trial by jury.
A. Merranda Rights
B. Due process of law
C. Citizen Protection
B. Due process of law
The idea that there are restrictions on the powers available to rulers and those in authority.
A. Weak government
B. Small government
C. Limited government
C. Limited government
The “Great Charter” that granted Englishmen specific rights and principles in writing.
A. Big Letter
B. Super Contract
C. Magna Carta
C. Magna Carta
The idea that people can govern themselves without a king or higher authority.
A. Self-government
B. Personal Rights
C. Independent rule
A. Self-government