rules
Singular possessive
Singular possessive- always add an ‘s
definite and indefinatte
Definite - the indefinite - a, an
Plural possessive rules
If the plural noun ends in an s, add an apostrophe after/tack on an apostrophe
Example: singers-singers’
If the plural noun does not end in an s, add an apostrophe s
Example: women- women’s
- Possessive of a singular proper noun that ends in s- add ‘s
- Plural possessive of a proper noun that is formed just as the plural possessive of a common noun
Example- Whites’
demonstrative adjectives
points out the thing it refers to
this/that=singular
these/those=plural
this/these=near
that/those=far away
Note: They must agree in number with the nouns they precede.
Example: these boxes of food (plural)
SC and DO
My teacher’s name is Mrs. Dursee. (SC) -gives more info about subject
She wrote a book about animals. (DO)- receives the action of the verb
action verbs and their tense
add d/ed to regular verbs to make them past tense or past participle
live-lived-has/had/have lived
if a verb ends in y, change it to i, then add -ed
carry-carried-has/had/have carried
if a single-syllable verb ends in a consonant preceded by a vowel then double the consonant and then and -ed
wrap-wrapped-has/had/have wrapped
there is no general rule for forming the past and past participles of irregular verbs
bring-brought-has brought
put-put-has put
drive-drove-have driven
drink-drank-has drunk
do-did-have done
study chart
Personal Pronouns
Singular
Plural
1st person- who is speaking
I, me
we, us
2nd person-being spoken to
you
you
3rd person- being spoken about
he, she, it, him, her, it (it= neutral)
they, them
helping verbs in a sentence
links the subject of a sentence with a subject complement (noun, pronoun, or an adjective)
most common linking verb is be and its form (am, is, are, been, was, were)
other linking verbs- appear, become, continue, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, taste
pronoun antecedent
Be able to identify the pronouns antecedent
Kate went to the store and she bought candy.
Kate is the antecedent that agrees with the pronoun she
Examples:
Examples:
Alan Shepard became an astronaut.
People felt excited about the possibility of space travel.