Reformation
This German monk and teacher’s criticism of indulgences sparked the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther
A period when reason and science were used to improve society and government.
The Enlightenment
He believed people are born with natural rights — life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
Who wrote The Social Contract?
Rousseau
Who said, "It is dangerous to be right in matters where established men are wrong"
Voltaire
The Catholic Church sold these as pardons for sins.
Indulgences
Thinkers who used logic and reason to discuss ideas about government, rights, and society.
Philosophers
He argued that powers of government should be divided among three branches.
Montesquieu
Who wrote Two Treatises of Government?
Locke
Who said, "The life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,"
Hobbes
This invention helped spread Reformation ideas quickly across Europe.
Printing Press
Rights people are born with (life, liberty, and property)
Natural Rights
He wrote The Social Contract, arguing that people give up some freedoms for the common good.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Who wrote The Spirit of the Laws?
Montesquieu
Who said, “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains”
Rousseau
This English king started his own church after the pope refused to grant him a divorce.
Henry VIII
The idea that government gets its power from the people’s approval.
Consent of the Governed
She argued that women deserve the same education and rights as men in her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Who wrote The Leviathan?
Hobbes
Who said, "I do not wish [women] to have power over men; but over themselves,"
Wollstonecraft
This broader European movement emphasized questioning authority, advancements in science and art, and helped inspire the Reformation.
The Renaissance
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the others.
Checks and Balances
He was a champion of free speech and religion
Voltaire
Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women's?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Who said, "Power ought to serve as a check to power”
Montesquieu