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Enlightenment Terms
Name that Philosophe
Quotable Quotes
the Wealthy
the Commoners
100
people are born like a "blank slate" and gain knowledge through experiences
What is tabula rasa?
100
Candide (1759)
Who is Voltaire?
100
"Men being, by nature all free, equal, and independent, no one can be . . . subjected to the political will of another without his own consent, which is done by agreeing with other men, to join and unite into a community for their enjoyment of their personal properties."
Who is John Locke?
100
the basis of "true wealth" for a nobleman
What is land ownership?
100
farmers began planting these kinds of crops, such as clover and turnips
What are fodder crops?
200
economically, the government should "let it be", or cease to interfere with private economic activity
What is laissez faire?
200
Wealth of Nations (1776)
Who is Adam Smith?
200
"As democracies are destroyed when the people despoil the senate, magistrates and judges of their functions; so monarchies are corrupted when the prince insensibly deprives societies of their prerogatives, or cities of their privileges."
Who is Baron de Montesquieu?
200
social institution begun by French women in urban meeting rooms where the aristocracy and bourgeoisie mingled with the leading intellectuals of the age
What are salons?
200
the most common form of popular recreation were these kinds of sports
What are "blood sports"?
300
people are born with these: John Locke's "life, liberty, property" or Thomas Jefferson's "life, liberty, pursuit of happiness"
What are "natural rights"?
300
The Social Contract (1762)
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
300
"the aim. . . is to collect all the knowledge scattered over the face of the earth, . . . and to transmit this to those who will come after us, so that the work of past centuries may be useful to the following centuries. . ."
Who is Denis Diderot?
300
French term for rising middle-class of wealthy businessmen
What is bourgeoisie?
300
most important of these were religious works, followed by almanacs, romances, and chivalric fiction
What are examples of "popular literature"?
400
theology that God is a "watchmaker" and that nature conformed to its own laws and operated without divine intervention
What is deism?
400
Crimes and Punishments (1764)
Who is Cesare Beccaria?
400
"As long as men united together look upon themselves as a single body, they have but one will relating to the common preservation and general welfare."
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
400
a live-in woman hired by an upper-class woman to breastfeed her newborn child
What is a "wet-nurse"?
400
the most serious social problem of the 18th century
What is the explosion in the number of poor people?
500
belief or philosophy that nothing could be known for certain
What is skepticism?
500
An Essay on the Principles of Population (1798)
Who is Thomas Malthus?
500
"Theology amuses me, for there we find man's insanity in all its abundance."
Who is Voltaire?
500
the best substitute for a formal education
What is the "grand tour" of historical sites?
500
two types of "checks" on population growth, according to Malthus
What are "positive" and "preventative"?