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Roots of the Enlightenment
Important Dudes (and a Lady)
Enlightenment and American Government
Revolution
Potpurri
100
In the 1600s and 1700s, what caused many scholars to challenge long-held beliefs about science, religion, and government? a. a variety of natural disasters b. a series of contests organized by major religions c. discoveries made during the Scientific Revolution and on the Voyages of Discovery d. the feeling of hopelessness following several horrible wars
c. discoveries made during the Scientific Revolution and on the Voyages of Discovery
100
British Writer who argued that women should have the same rights as men
Mary Wollstonecraft
100
Natural Rights
John Locke
100
How did the English people restore order to their country in 1660? a. They formed an alliance with France and drove Cromwell from power b. They demanded a countrywide election in which Cromwell was voted out of power c. They destroyed Parliament and had Cromwell executed d. They invited Charles II to return to England to rule
d. They invited Charles II to return to England to rule
100
The Enlightenment idea that governments should express the will of the people
Popular Sovereignty
200
Which two empires provided the intellectual guidelines that Enlightenment thinkers followed? a. Aztecs and Maya b. Egyptians and Sumerians c. Chinese and Japanese d. Greeks and Romans
d. Greeks and Romans
200
Farmer, scientist, and scholar who supported the separation of religious and secular power and later became president of the United States
Thomas Jefferson
200
Direct Democracy
Rousseau
200
On what condition was Charles II allowed to return to England as king? a. He had to promise to allow Parliament to keep powers it had won in the civil war b. He would have to submit to yearly approval votes c. Parliament could replace him at any time. d. He had to admit that he did not have divine right to rule
a. He had to promise to allow Parliament to keep powers it had won in the civil war
200
How did the British government raise money to pay for the years of war with the French? a. It sold portions of the colonies to the French b. It created new taxes on the colonies c. It increased production of industries in the colonies d. It invaded smaller European countries in order to take over valuable resources
b. It created new taxes on the colonies
300
What did Enlightenment thinkers learn from Aristotle and other Greek philosophers? a. logic and reason could not be applied to government b. it was human nature to develop religious traditions c. People can use logic to figure out new facts d. all logic came from a higher being
c. People can use logic to figure out new facts
300
Philosopher and Scientist who told the British House of Commons that they had no right to tax American colonists
Benjamin Franklin
300
Separation of Powers
Montesquieu
300
What happened in 1789 when King Louis XVI refused to sign a constitution limiting his power? a. Violence broke out and a mob stormed the Bastille Prison, starting the French Revolution b. Louis XVI was executed by the guillotine c. The National Assembly was first organized d. They called for a new meeting of the Estates General
a. Violence broke out and a mob stormed the Bastille Prison, starting the French Revolution
300
When citizens submit to the authority of government to protect their own interests, it's called
social contract
400
The Enlightenment concept of progress--that humans are capable of improving their world--developed from whom/what? a. Renaissance Humanists b. the Bible c. Charles Darwin d. Thomas Aquinas
a. Renaissance Humanists
400
French Noble who claimed that separation of powers would protect people's freedom
Charles-Louis Montesquieu
400
Free Speech
Voltaire
400
How did the revolution leaders finally put an end to the French monarchy? a. They changed Louis XVI's title from king to president b. They burned and destroyed all the royal palaces c. They executed King Louis XVI and created a republic form of government d. They exiled Louis XVI to England
c. They executed King Louis XVI and created a republic form of government
400
What does secular mean?
non-religious
500
Instead of using religious teachings as the foundation to explain how the world worked, Enlightenment scholars relied on what? a. their instincts b. the teachings of western philosophies c. reason, or logical thought d. mathematics
c. Reason, or logical thought.
500
Created the Encyclopedia
Denis Diderot
500
Who was the main writer of the U.S. Constitution?
James Madison
500
What was the Reign of Terror? a. a period of unrest during which thousands of people were executed for questioning the new French government b. a policy of removing members of the first and second Estates from government positions c. a period of time during which neighboring countries invaded and destroyed much of France d. the last few months of Louis XVI's reign, during which he executed thousands of peasants
a. a period of unrest during which thousands of people were executed for questioning the new French government
500
According to John Locke, what is the purpose of government? a. to defend, feed, and provide shelter for the people b. the peace, safety, and public good of the people c. to educate and provide meaningful work for the people d. to provide law and order and an honest justice system
b. the peace, safety, and public good of the people