Enlightened Thinkers
This Thinker believed people are born with natural rights including life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This movement encouraged people to question traditional beliefs and use reason.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
These gatherings in private homes allowed people to discuss Enlightenment ideas
What are Salons?
First sent to Elba in 1814, this deposed European emperor famously escaped, only to be permanently exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena after his final defeat.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed with certain unalienable Rights; that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
Who is John Locke?
This philosopher argued that government power should be divided into separate branches.
Who is Montesquieu?
This scientist explained gravity and the laws of motion
Who is Isaac Newton?
This multi-volume work compiled human knowledge and spread Enlightenment ideas across Europe.
What is the Encyclopedia?
Members of the Third Estate made this pledge to create a new constitution. (Declaration of Rights of Man)
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
Declaration of Rights of Man: "The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary."
Who is Cesare Beccaria?
This Enlightenment writer championed freedom of speech and freedom of religion.
Who is Voltaire?
This Polish astronomer proved the heliocentric theory.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
This Enlightenment figure edited and organized the Encyclopedia.
Who is Denis Diderot?
This period saw thousands executed by guillotine in the name of protecting the Revolution.
What is the Reign of Terror?
Following the revolution, many leaders argued that citizens needed a strong central government capable of maintaining order and preventing violence.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This philosopher believed people should be governed according to the "general will and popular sovereignty."
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
This scientist improved the telescope and observed moons orbiting Jupiter and developed the helicentirc theory.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
Absolute rulers applied ideas from the Enlightenment to improve education, law, and religious tolerance, but refused to give up their absolute power.
Enlightened Despots
This radical leader headed the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror.
Who is Maximilien Robespierre?
Bill of Rights: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech."
Who is Voltaire?
This economist believed governments should stay out of the economy and allow free markets
Who is Adam Smith?
This thinker developed the Scientific Method based on observation and experimentation.
Who is Francis Bacon?
Invention that more people to have access to books.
What is the printing press?
This event in 1789 is considered the symbolic start of the French Revolution.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
Declaration of Rights of Man: "The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation."
Who is Jean - Jacques Rousseau?