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Political Theory I
Philosophes
Political Theory II
Philosophes and American Government
Miscellaneous Enlightenment
stuff
100
During the Enlightenment, what form of government did the philosophes challenge (disagree)?
What is the Absolute Monarchy
100
Who believed life in the state of nature would be, “nasty, brutish, and short?”
Thomas Hobbes
100
The word Democracy is actually two words from Greek origin. Demo and Cracy (Actually, Demotic and Kratos)which translates to?
What is people and rule.
100
John Locke's belief that the natural condition of humans is a state of equality, wherein all the power of jurisdiction (law) is reciprocal (shared equally), no one having more (rights) than another and, government derives (receives) its power from the consent of the governed, are the foundation of which historic document?
What is the Declaration of Independence: We hold these truths to be self evident that all men (people) are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted (established) among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,
100
The concept (idea) of Natural Rights, that all things are born free and equal was determined by observing?
What is Nature
200
Where did the monarch receive his authority to rule?
What is God (Gawd), Divine Right.
200
Phlosophes believed individual human actions mattered most in determining the future. The belief that you are responsible for your own destiny / life is known as?
What is Individualism
200
Without _____________________ society would become lawless, the state of nature.
the Social Contract
200
Which philosophe believed that government should be separated into three branches: The executive (enforce the laws), legislative (make the laws), and the judicial (interpret the laws). His beliefs are the foundation of our Constitution
Who is the Baron de Montesquieu (Mon-tes-q)
200
The foundation of Democracy / American Government is the?
Enlightenment
300
The 1700's and 1800's are considered a defining epoch in History when people began to question the world in which they lived, and the power of the Monarchy, is commonly referred to as?
What is the Enlightenment
300
Philosophes believed that religion should not have a role in government or political matters. This belief is known as?
What is secularism
300
The fundamental doctrine (principle / policy) about the separation of church and state in American Government, comes from the Enlightenment idea of?
What is secularism
300
Voltaire’s beliefs in civil liberties: freedom of speech, religion etc. will inspire which historic document?
What is the Bill of Rights
300
People throughout the world became Enlightened (made aware) and began to question their Governments and the abuses of their societies as a result of having read the writings of the Philosophes in the ______
What is the Encyclopedia
400
The belief that reason and the scientific method can logically explain human nature, and that truth can be determined by logical thinking is known as?
What is Rationalism
400
The right to abolish government, equality, the social contract, and popular sovereignty are beliefs of:
John Locke
400
The theory that the perfect government should be limited in power by being separated into three branches, each equal in power so as to check and balance one another was to ensure what wouldn't happen?
no one branch could seize power and take away the rights of the people.
400
_________ means that the people are the source of any and all governmental power, and government can exist only with the consent of the governed.
What is popular sovereignty
400
Who said, “I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
Who is Voltaire
500
The Philosophes challenged the philosophy of ___________, complete and unrestricted power in government.
Absolutism
500
According to John Locke's philosophy (beliefs), government received it's power from where?
What is "the consent of the governed." (the people)
500
The reason for _________ is protection from the state of nature, and legitimizing government; government is responsible for protecting the people's natural rights, and in exchange the people give up some of their freedoms and recognize the government as being legitimate (lawful).
What is the Social Contract
500
Name the English writer and school teacher that argued the Enlightenment ideals of equality, educational opportunities, political rights including the right to vote should be extended to women as well as men.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft (1780's)
500
In American Government, political power flows from the?
Who are the people