Enlightenment
This Enlightenment philosopher believed that all men were created equal in the eyes of god and granted with natural rights of life, liberty and property
John Locke
Louis XVI was executed using a newly invented device called the
Guillotine
The term that describes an overthrow of the government
Coup D’états
This cause of the Haitian Revolution was due to another revolution that occurred in 1789.
The French Revolution
This empire was granted the majority of Northern Italy following the Congress of Vienna.
Austria
Identification with others of similar culture, language, history and physical geography. Usually, this results intense feelings of pride in that group.
Nationalism
These two Enlightenment Philosophers believed in the idea of a Social Contract between the government and the people.
Double Points if you can define Social Contract.
Thomas Hobbes & Jean Jacques Rousseau
Social Contract:
An agreement between the people and government, that citizens will give up certain rights for the protection of others.
The problem of the Estates System (social) and the Estates General (Political) in France before the revolution
-3rd Estate pays all the taxes
-3rd Estate (majority) only gets one vote in the Estates General
Who was the leader of the Reign of Terror, and what was the motivation behind this period of the French Revolution
Maximilien Robespierre; Eliminate enemies of the revolution
The process of establishing partial or full control of a country for economic benefit of an occupying country
Colonialism
The "sword" of Italian Nationalism, liberated half of Italy starting from the South with his army, the Red Shirts.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
This series of events led to the spread of nationalism throughout Europe, due to the grouping of national groups together
Napoleonic Wars
This Enlightenment philosopher would agree with the following quote:
"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it "
Voltaire
After a plan to change how voting worked in the Estates General was voted down, the Third Estate formed a new organization known as the
National Assembly
Following the defeat of Napoleon, European powers redrew the map of Europe to balance power as part of the __________________________
Congress of Vienna
Haiti was a colony of this country.
France
This nationalist, often considered the "soul" of Italian Nationalism, was important for inspiring revolts in several cities and continued to encourage Italian unification in his writings.
Giuseppe Mazzini
The leader of German Unification, which believed Germany could only unify through "blood and iron"
Otto von Bismarck
This Enlightenment Philosopher believed the powers of government should be separated, and that these separate powers should be able to check the powers of the other (checks and balances)
Montesquieu
The storming of this tyrannical symbol to search for weapons and ammo marks the official start of the French Revolution.
Bastille.
The administrative body that was created from the Constitution of 1791, which was eventually overthrown for being too weak
The Directory
Original military leader of the Haitian slaves during the Haitian revolution.
Toussaint L'Ouverture
This official from the region of Piedmont was considered the "brains" of Italian unification and encouraged unification through secret alliances against the Austrians
Who is Camillo Cavour?
The political belief practiced by Bismarck that prefered what was practical/easy over what was moral.
Realpolitik
Provide an example of one of each:
-An example of an Enlightened Absolutist that reflected Enlightened ideals
-An example of an Enlightened Absolutist that went against Enlightened ideals
Reflected:
-Abolish serfdom
-Legislatures
-Free speech
Against:
-Reinstated serfdom
-Made decisions without the say of the people
-Claimed absolutist titles
After being locked out of Versailles, the National Assembly made a promise called the _____________, and vowed to not leave until a constitution was written.
Tennis Court Oath
A document inspired by Enlightenment thinkers that changed France by establishing rights to life, liberty and security
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Louisiana Purchase/Territory
Name 2 countries that gained their independence from Spain during the Latin American revolutions thanks to the work of Simon Bolivar.
Venezuela, Columbia, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile
The meaning of "blood and iron," as it relates to German Nationalism
German unification through military expansion and economic strength/unity