Which statement best describes the beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers?
A. They had faith that absolute monarchs would govern wisely and fairly.
B. They believed that science and reason could improve people's lives.
C. They believed religion alone could answer all questions about life.
D. They believed that the ancient Greeks and Romans knew all there was to know
B. They believed that science and reason could improve people's lives
100
Which of the following best describes Sir Isaac Newton?
A - influential scientist
B - father of democracy
C - friend of the poor peasants
D - leader of religious thought
A - influential scientist
100
How did Thomas Hobbes describe human nature?
naturally selfish, greedy
100
Who compared the government to a leviathan or sea monster?
Thomas Hobbes
100
"Cogito ergo sum" or "I think therefore I am"
Rene Descartes
200
In which part of the world did the Enlightenment begin?
Europe
200
Which of Newton's laws states that a natural force pulls objects toward Earth?
Newton's theory of gravity
200
How did John Locke describe human nature?
Neither good or bad, blank slate that is filled with experiences
200
What type of government did Hobbes support?
Absolute Monarchy
200
"Tabula Rasa" or "blank tablet"
John Locke
300
What did the pendulum example demonstrate about Enlightenment thinking?
People were beginning to question what they based their beliefs on - instinct / tradition / emotion or reason / logic
300
Who is known as the "Father of Modern Philosophy?"
Rene Descartes
300
What phrase did Thomas Hobbes use to describe the condition in which there is no rules or no government? (Think deserted island)
"state of nature"
300
What is the role of government according to Hobbes?
enforce law and order
300
Without a strong government, life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"
Thomas Hobbes
400
Which groups played the greatest role in the Enlightenment?
Scientists and Scholars
400
What method did Descartes use to prove that something exists?
Systematic Doubt
(you should not believe anything that you can doubt)
400
Which political "thinker" was a pessimist in regard to human nature?
Thomas Hobbes
400
What did John Locke consider a government's most important role or duty?
protect or preserve the natural rights of the people
400
"I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the seashore...whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me."
Sir Isaac Newton
500
How did the Enlightenment differ from the Renaissance?
During the Enlightenment, people increasingly looked to science to answer their questions about the natural world
500
What is the name of Sir Isaac Newton's publication which explained many of his theories of science and mathematics?
Principia
(Prinicipia Mathematica or Mathematical Principles)
500
Explain how the example cartoon of Calvin and Hobbes demonstrates the views of the political thinker, Thomas Hobbes?
Hobbes sees that Calvin is still showing selfish human nature and realizes his resolution to see humans in a more positive light will not be achieved.
500
If the government failed to protect the natural rights of people, what right did Locke believe the people could use?
People could overthrow the government or revolt against the government
500
Declared the natural rights to be "life, liberty, property"