Enlightenment Thinkers
This British philosopher believed in natural rights like life, liberty, and property, and his ideas influenced modern democracy.
Who is John Locke?
This estate made up the majority of France’s population but paid the most taxes and had no political power.
What is the Third Estate?
This 1804 legal code established uniform laws across France but limited individual rights like freedom of speech.
What is the Napoleonic Code?
This leader of the Haitian Revolution was called the “Black George Washington” for his role in fighting for independence.
Who is Toussaint Louverture?
The Congress of Vienna was called following his defeat.
Who is Napoleon?
This French writer fought for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and used satire to criticize oppressive governments.
Who is Voltaire?
This event on July 14, 1789, marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
In 1799, Napoleon seized power in this event, overthrowing the Directory and establishing himself as First Consul.
What is the Coup d’État?
This crop was the backbone of Saint-Domingue’s economy and led to harsh conditions for enslaved workers.
What is sugar?
Prince Klemens von Metternich hosted the Congress of Vienna and aimed to restore a balance of power in Europe in what country?
What is Austria?
This Swiss philosopher believed in the inherent goodness of humanity and promoted the idea of a social contract.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
This queen’s extravagant lifestyle and spending contributed to France’s financial crisis.
Who is Marie Antoinette?
This 1812 military campaign ended in disaster for Napoleon, with only 10,000 of his 400,000 troops surviving.
What is the invasion of Russia?
The names of the farms that Haitian slaves worked on.
What is a plantation?
These 5 countries met to determine the fate of Europe at the Congress of Vienna.
What is Austria, Russia, Prussia, the U.K., and France?
This Italian philosopher criticized the justice system, opposed torture, and believed punishments should fit the crime.
Who is Cesare Beccaria?
This document, influenced by Enlightenment ideas, declared the rights of man and citizens during the French Revolution.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
Napoleon crowned himself emperor in 1804, symbolizing his power over this institution by taking the crown from its leader.
What is the Catholic Church?
This tactic, used by Dessalines, involved massacring French whites to drive them out of Haiti.
What is guerrilla warfare?
This country was formed by uniting the Austrian Netherlands and the Dutch Republic at the Congress of Vienna.
What is the Kingdom of the Netherlands?
This French thinker proposed the separation of powers in government, which inspired the system of checks and balances.
Who is Baron de Montesquieu?
This leader orchestrated the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution.
Who is Robespierre?
This 1815 battle marked Napoleon’s final defeat, leading to his exile to St. Helena.
What is the Battle of Waterloo?
In 1804, Haiti became the first nation in the world to achieve this status after a successful revolution.
What is the first black republic?
This doctrine, established at the Congress of Vienna, aimed to prevent any single country from dominating Europe.
What is the balance of power?