authors
what author focuses on environmental education and blames environmental issues on lack of education
Orr
The obligation to endure gives us the right to know
Carson
what are the pros and cons of blanket spraying vs selective spraying?
Blanket application of herbicides does not permanently control roadside "brush" and the spraying has to be repeated year after year. We persist in dong this despite the fact that a perfectly sound method of selective spraying is known, which can achieve long-term vegetation control and eliminate repeated spraying in most types of vegetation. The object selective spray is not to produce grass on roadsides and rights-of-way but to eliminate the tall woody plants by direct treatment and to preserve all other vegetation
what is "biological control"?
Specialists representing various areas of the vast field of biology are contributing - entomologists, pathologists, geneticists, physiologists, biochemists, ecologists - all pouring their knowledge and their creative inspirations into the formations of a new science of biotic controls
What author discusses how college life is surrounded by nature and questions what "natural" is and what common sense is good for?
Farrell
In a private letter, Rachel Carson suggested another explanation for the prevalence of pollution. Scientists are cowards. Especially scientists who work in government agencies. The ones who are privy to the disconnect between the state of the scientific evidence and the policies that ignore that evidence. The ones who stay silent when they should be blowing whistles.
Steingraber
explain how DDT works its way up the food chain.
DDT can be passed on from one organism to another through all links of the food chains. Fields of alfalfa are dusted with DDT and then meal is later prepared from the alfalfa and fed to hens. The hens lay eggs which contain DDT. Or the hay, containing residues of 7 to 8 parts per million, may be fed to the cows and the DDT will turn up in the milk or butter.
Name the cycle in the story of stuff
extraction, production, distribution, consumption, disposal
What author criticizes the overconsumption of Americans and shows that the environmental costs of consumption are unsustainable
Leonard The Story of Stuff
“Conservation means the wise use of the earth and its resources for the lasting good of men.”
Pinchot
where is DDT stored in the body?
DDT is absorbed slowly through the digestive tract (or through the lungs). Once it has entered the body it is stored largely in organs rich in fatty substances such as the adrenals, testes, or thyroids. Large amounts are deposited in the liver, kidneys, and the fat of the intestines.
what are 2 of Orr's myths?
Carson believes that insecticides should be called biocides since they are not only killing harmful insects, but harming other wildlife as well. Although the insecticides are intended to only kill certain insects, they affect the entire environment.
this person examines how public discourse on environmental concerns has changed over the last four decades. He argues that in the 1960s and 1970s expressions of concern carried an apocalyptic tone that has since been transformed into acceptance, even as our society hurls ever faster toward ecological disaster.
Buell
A land ethic is a moral code of conduct that grows out of these interconnected caring relationships. preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community
Leopold
what are the differences between pre and post WWII chemicals?
The second World War marked a turning away from inorganic chemicals and beginning the use of synthetic pesticides. Arsenic is still one of the basic ingredients in a variety of weed and insect killers, which is still very deadly. Post-WWII almost everyone is being subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals.
Explain the dangers of the chemical known as dieldrin
Dieldrin is 5 times as harmful as DDT, yet 40 times as harmful when absorbed through the skin, when swallowed it caused convulsions. It is stored in the body and acts dormant, but flares up when there is stress. Many men who used DDT suffered convulsions or even death. Convulsions could occur months after exposure.
argues that individuals don't have much impact and real change comes from collective action and changing politics.
Maniates
Why does Carson believe insecticides should be called biocides?
Carson believes that insecticides should be called biocides since they are not only killing harmful insects, but harming other wildlife as well. Although the insecticides are intended to only kill certain insects, they affect the entire environment.
Discuss why spraying elm trees to "protect" them actually ended up hurting them.
The areas with a smaller number of infected trees were the areas that did not solely rely on spraying. The areas that relied heavily on spraying ended up having a significantly larger amount of infected trees. The spraying actually killed natural enemies to the disease, which makes it thrive under spraying conditions.