Show:
Anatomy & Physiology
Surgical Procedures
T's & A's
Ears
Turbinoplasty
100

What part of the ear is a grommet inserted into?

Eardrum/ tympanic membrane

100

What are 4 common ENT procedures?

T's & A's, Grommets, LTB, Supraglottoplasty, Myringoplasty, Mastoidectomy, Cochlear implant, Turbinoplasty

100

What are the post op observations?

  • Airway observations
  • Pulse, Respiratory rate, SpO2, Oxygen requirements: - ½ hourly for 3 hours, then1 hourly for a further 3 hours
  • 1 hourly BP and pain intensity scores for first 6 hours, then 4-6 hourly and as clinically indicated
  • Continuous oximetry
100

How long do grommets last?

6-12months, they fall out and the ear drum closes up naturally

100

Where are the turbinates located?

inside the nose

200

How many types of tonsils do we have?

4 

Tubal - openings of the Eustachian tubes (tubes connecting middle ear to back of throat)

Palatine - back of the throat 

Lingual - base of the tongue

Pharangeal - roof of nasopharynx (adenoids)

200

Name three surgical procedures for ears

Myringotomy/Grommets

Myringoplasty

Mastoidectomy

Cochlear implant

200

What days are considered the most painful post op?

Days 3-6

200

Why is a myringoplasty performed?

to repair a perforated tympanic membrane 

200

What is the length of stay post op?

Days cases - 4 hours minimum 

300

The nasal cavity has 4 main functions, what are they?

Warming and humidifying inspired air, trapping pathogens and particulate matter, facilitating the sense of smell, and providing air for respiration

300

Name 4 indications for an Laryngotracheobronchoscopy (LTB)

Noisy or difficult breathing

Persistent/ongoing cough

Weak cry or hoarse voice

Difficulty in feeding or swallowing

Foreign body in the airway

Blockage of the airway

300

What is the difference between intracapsular and extracapsular tonsillectomy? 

Intracapsular - removes only tonsil tissue, leaving the capsule intact

Extracapsular - complete removal of palatine tonsil, including the fibrous capsule that surrounds them

300

What are the two other names used for grommets?

Tympanostomy tube

Ventilation tube

300

Can patients fly post turbinoplasty?

Yes, surgeon dependent for time frame. Min 24 hours post anaesthetic.

400

What are the three parts of the upper respiratory tract and three parts of the lower respiratory tract?

Upper: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx.

Lower: Trachea, primary bronchi, lungs

400

What is a FESS procedure?

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery - involves nasal endoscopes used to enlarge the nasal drainage pathways of the paranasal sinuses and improve ventilation.

400

What steps do we take if there is evidence of significant bleeding

  • Urgent ENT Registrar review OR Urgent MET review/Code blue
  • Obtain emergency pack located in zone 3 drug room. (Co-phenylcaine spray, Gauze swabs, forceps and Adrenaline 1:10,000
  • Commence observations at least every 15 minutes until reviewed and stable or transferred to theatre.
  • Inform theatre co-ordinator of suspected primary bleed.
  • Keep all vomitus or blood-stained sheets for inspection by the ENT surgeon
  • Commence preparation for theatre
  • IV access X 2. 
  • IVABs and IV Tranexamic Acid if requested by treating team
400

When is the post op appointment for cochlear implants to be "switched on"?

Typically, at the 2-week mark

400

How many types of turbinates do we have?

3 inferior, middle, superior 

500

The ear is comprised of three different sections - external, middle and inner.

What does the inner ear consist of?

Inner ear consists of

  • Cochlea- containing the nerves for hearing
  • Vestibule- containing receptors for balance
  • Semicircular canals- containing receptors for balance
500

What is a supraglottoplasty and why is it performed?

A surgical procedure that alters the malformed structures of the upper larynx. Excess tissue is reduced or removed to improve breathing without compromising function of the airway.

Performed to reduce symptoms of laryngomalacia.

500

Haemorrhages can occur in what percentage of operations?

1-2%

500

What are the two methods to perform a myringoplasty, what is their length of stay post procedure and how can you tell which approach was used?

Transcanal/ fat patch/ endural - 2 hours

Post auricular - 4 hours 

Will be stated on op report, or look for incision site, if behind ear - post auricular if no external incision noted - transcanal/endural.

500

What are the different terms used for surgery of the turbinates?

cauterisation, coblation, radiofrequency reduction, microdebrider resection, and partial resection