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A/sexual Reproduction
Cell Cycle
Definitions/Terms
DNA and Genes
Cell Division
100
True or false, Asexual reproduction is with multicellular organisms.
What is false
100
The phase in Mitosis where the chromatids become chromosomes again.
What is Anaphase
100
Small molecules that are building blocks of proteins
What is Amino Acids
100
The four nitrogenous bases
What is Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
100
The Stage where _____divides the cytoplasm into two daughter cells
What is Cytokinesis
200
In Sexual reproduction, both the egg and sperm cell combine to produce a ------?
What is Zygote
200
Why do plant cells have a different effect in Cytokinesis?
What is there is no indentation in the cell membrane
200
A change in the DNA or genetic code of a cell
What is a Mutation
200
Composed of a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule and a nitrogenous base
What is a Nucleotide
200
90% of the cell cycle
What is Interphase
300
Name 3 types of Asexual reproduction
What is - Binary Fission Budding Vegetative Reproduction Fragmentation Spore Formation
300
Largest phase of the Cell Cycle and what occurs in that phase
What is a cell growing, and working, making copies of organelles and chromosomes that turn into sister chromatids.
300
_____ make the proteins that the cell needs to function properly.
What are Ribosomes
300
The full word of "DNA" .
What is Deoxyribonucleic acid
300
The Stage where the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle and move towards the center of the cell
What is Anaphase
400
Choose 1 kind of Asexual reproduction, explain what happens, and atleast 2 examples of that reproduction.
What is - (Binary Fission) - parent cell dividing into two genetically similar cells, ( daughter cells) ex: Bacteria, Amoebas (Budding) - begins as small growth on parent cell, breaks off from parent cell and develops, ex: jelly fish, anemones. Vegetative Reproduction - Some send root called runner, grows horizontally along surface becomes independant. ex: strawberries and other plants grow stems which grow into new plants ex: potatos Fragmentation - small part of the animal breaks off and becomes a new organism ( depending on how much of the parent organism is with the broken part ) Regeneration is necessary to reproduce. Ex: Starfish, Planaria Spore Formation - Forming large number of spores ( Cells with thick walls ) together. Ex: Mushrooms, moulds.
400
Describe the process of Cytokinesis in Plants
What is - Membrane bound vesicles form between the nuclei, fuse together, growing into what is known as the cell plate, as it grows outwards there is a new membrane and cell wall for each daughter cell.
400
Protein that helps the production of milk in the mammary glands
What is Prolactin
400
Describe the process that a DNA goes through in order to create amino acids.
What is - RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is formed from half of the DNA during the time when DNA replicates itself, - The RNA carries the code from the genes outside of the nucleus, meeting with a ribosome in order to place its order of the right amino acid to create for the cell.
400
Explain three properties of Prophase
-Sister chromatids shorten and thicken -Form X's near the center of cell -Nucleolus not visible -Nuclear membrane breaks down -Chromosomes spread out in cytoplasm -Centrioles move to opposite sides of cell and form spindle fibers
500
What are the characteristics of Asexual Reproduction ?
What is - - Only one organism is needed to reproduce - All the offspring are genetically identical to each other and to the parent organism. - A single organism can produce large numbers of offspring.
500
The 4 sections of the Cell Cycle are?
What is Cell Division, phase of rapid cell growth, duplication of chromosomes, growth and preparation for cell division.
500
Type of Asexual Reproduction where the offspring begins as a small growth on the parent and continues to grow before breaking off
What is Budding
500
Name 4 common proteins and their functions.
What is ( of any of these) Hemoglabin - carries oxygen to red blood cells Insulin - Controls level of sugar in the blood Keratin - makes up hair and nails Collagen - holds tissue together, makes up bones Enzymes - controls chemical reactions Antibodies - bind to foreign substances to protect the body against them. Fibrinogen - helps blood clot. Lactase - helps body digest lactose ( milk sugar) Growth Hormone - stimulates growth (cell division) Prolactin - stimulates the production and release of milk from the mammary glands follicle stimulating hormone - stimulates egg and sperm production.
500
Name the three functions of cell division and explain them
What is Growth (The cell grows bigger until it's ready to divide), Repair (The cell replaces each other), and Reproduction (The cell divides into two equal cells called daughter cells).