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Ancient Egypt
AE Continued
AE Continued
AE Continued
The Aegean
100
They ruled Egypt from aprox 3100 BC. During Ancient Egypt - Kings were considered Gods
What is a Pharaoh?
100
To ensure the Pharaoh's safe passage to the afterlife.
What was the singular purpose of the pyramids?
100
Located between the paws of the Sphinix.
Where is the 15 ton granite Dream Stela?
100
The Sphinix was painted in vibrant comic book colors. The face was probably Red, the headdress was most likely yellow & blue.
When Thutmoses IV gave the Sphinix a makeover in the New Kingdom what was an improvement that we have never seen?
100
Cycladic 3000- 11th Century,Islands that form a circle southern part of the Agean Sea Minoan 3000- 1100 BC Modern Day Crete Mycenaean 1600-1100 BC King Agamemnon's home
What are 3 separate cultures in the Aegean?
200
Painting on fresh, moist plaster w/ pigments dissolved in water or limewater mixture.
What is a FRESCO?
200
The face of Khafre (Khufu's son).
Whose image is rendered on the Sphinix?
200
The human-headed lion carved out of 20,000 tons of limestone; was originally a huge rock sitting on the Giza plateau- 100 sculptors working 8 hrs with stone hammers would have taken 3 years to carve it.
How was the Sphnix created?
200
A system of writing that used pictures to represent the actual object they depicted.
What is hieroglyphics?
200
The citadel was built on a hilltop and fortified w/ stone massive walls. A structure within the palace where the King presided which had the following standard features: -front porch w/ 2 columns -an antechambr -throne room w/ a circular hearth and 4 columns
What is a Mycenaean Megaron?
300
One of a number of bands or sections of a design. (The Palette of Narmer features these on both Upper & Lower sides)
What is a register and provide an example?
300
The limestone on the Giza plateau was formed from limestone-both the soft sea bottom and hard coral reefs accumulating in layers. 4,000 yrs of wind/water/sand eroded it continuously- turning the soft limestone of the Sphinx to dust. As the guardian to the afterlife, the Sphinx was considered a god and Thutmoses ordered his people to build mud-brick walls to protect it from the elements- those that followed also tried to protect it.
Why did the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans cover the Sphinx with blocks of stone for thousands of years?
300
Old Kingdom standardized accepted ideal of the body in artworks. The grid outlines the relationship of body parts to each other and the whole. Each square of the grid represents a single fist of the figure.
What is the Cannon of Proportion?
300
Separate jars that contain organs that are removed in the mummification process and stored in another room of the pyramid.
What are canopic jars (or coffinettes)?
300
Reference to a mythical one-eyed creature- who had the strength to lift huge stone blocks
What is Cyclopean Masonry?
400
These preceded pyramids as a burial place/tomb, originally made of mud brick, later faced with cut stones.
What are Mastabas?
400
On the Nile's west bank, burial place for Memphis (the Pharoh's capital city.)
Where is Giza?
400
Very tall 4-sided shafts of benben stone capped in gold. Often they had hieroglyphs incised on them. (i.e Ramses' were 82 feet tall, Hatshepsut's were 97 feet tall)
What is an obleisk?
400
"Flesh-eating stone" that holds the coffins of the dead. Tutankhamon's held 3 coffins- the innermost weighed 243 lbs.
What is a sarcophagus?
400
-At Mycenae the gate had a Minoan-style column (evidence of contact between the 2 cultures) -Post & Lintel structure (100 tons) over the opening -Corbeling the stones so that each (course) layer projects beyond the lower one -triangle relief over entrance of Lions, whose paws rest on a Minoan alter.
What are features of the Lion Gate?
500
3 Royal pyramids (4th Dynasty) and the Sphinix Khufu Khafre (son of Khufu) Sphinix Menkaure (son of Khafre)
What is on the Giza plateau?
500
The story of Thutmosis IV taking a stroll, he decided to rest in the shadow of the Sphinx. A God came to him in a dream and told him if he cleared away the sands that had built up around the Sphinix, the God would make sure he (Thutmosis IV) would become the ruler of upper & lower Egypt- unified.
What was described on the Dream Stela?
500
On the Nile's west bank, burial place for Memphis (the Pharoh's capital city.
Where is Giza?
500
Crock & Flail examples: - 13 ft Sandstone sculpture of Akhenaten - front of Canopic coffinette of Tutankhamon
What are objects frequently depicted in a Pharoh's hands to suggest Egyptian Royalty?
500
A royal round building of Cyclopean Masonry (in Mycenae), proceeded by a Dromo (roadway) of about 118 feet long, which served as a tomb.
What is a tholos?