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People #1
People #2
Theories
Vocabulary #1
Vocabulary #2
100
This man was a behaviorist who is well known for formulating the version of learning known as operant conditioning. Other terms associated with him are “reinforcement” and “shaping.”
Who is B.F. Skinner?
100
He believed that learning happens when we observe social interactions and then incorporate our observations into our own minds to use in the future. He is also known for developing the theory of the zone of proximal development in which a person’s learning can grow if he or she is challenged just outside the zone of proximal development and given necessary assistance.
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
100
The theory that there is not one general intelligence but rather several separate intelligences located in different areas of the brain.
What is Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences?
100
The study of mind and behavior
What is psychology?
100
This term is often referred to as “thinking about thinking.”
What is metacognition?
200
This person is associated with cognitive development and is known for his theory of constructivism, stating that learners construct their own knowledge.
Who is Jerome Bruner?
200
These two philosophers were acquainted, one being the teacher and the other being the student. The teacher believed that reality was nonmaterial, while the student disagreed, claiming that reality exists in things one can see and touch.
Who are Plato and Aristotle?
200
This theory states that the mind perceives a stimulus and fills in missing information in order to make sense of the world. In learning, this theory states that learners are active in making sense of their world and the teacher acts as a facilitator of learning.
What is Constructivism?
200
The gap between two neurons through which neurotransmitters pass in order to send signals from one neuron to another
What is a synapse?
200
A reinforcement pattern in which behavior is rewarded after a fixed number of displays of behavior
What is a fixed-ratio schedule?
300
This man’s theory of successful intelligence states that there are three forms of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative.
Who is Robert Sternburg?
300
This man believed that cognitive development happens in stages over the lifespan. He took a scientific view, often referring to children as “little scientists.” Some terms attributed to him are “object permanence” and “conservation.”
Who is Jean Piaget?
300
This is a theory of volition that states that once an individual decides to take action to reach a goal, the individual has reached the “point of no return” and must continue on the path toward the goal.
What is Action Control Theory?
300
The part of the mind that holds current thoughts; the “locus of consciousness” where the mind can hold approximately seven pieces of information at one time
What is short term memory or what is working memory?
300
An approach to teaching reading that combines phonics and whole language instruction
What is balanced literacy?
400
While studying the salivation of dogs, this person stumbled upon a phenomenon that lead to the formation of his theory of classical conditioning stating that responses to certain stimuli can be conditioned.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
400
His attribution theory stated that people give different explanations or attributions to their successes and failures. The three dimensions of his attribution theory are locus, controllability, and stability.
Who is Bernard Weiner?
400
This theory focuses exclusively on behavior and explanations of behavior. The theory is concerned with what can be observed and measured objectively.
What is Behaviorism?
400
Factual knowledge; “knowing that” (contrasts with procedural knowledge).
What is declarative knowledge?
400
A type of complex thinking that involves pursuing a goal when the path to that goal is unclear.
What is problem solving?
500
This person is famous for his theory of multiple intelligences, stating that there are many intelligences instead of just one and that each is located in a specific area in the brain.
Who is Charles Gardner?
500
Famous for his social learning theory, this man believed that we learn through observation and imitation. He believed that firsthand learning was not always necessary for learning to occur.
Who is Albert Bandura?
500
This is a theory that states that intellectual abilities can be changed through effort and experience. It contrasts with entity theory.
What is Incremental Theory?
500
This is the process of following through with a decision and sticking to a task to reach a particular goal.
What is volition?
500
According to Maslow, this is the rare level of development in which a person reaches his or her highest potential.
What is self-actualization?