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Rules
Distribution
Obversion, Conversion,
Contraposition
Deductive Inference
Terminological Rules
100
Two statements are subcontrary if they are both particular statements that differ in quality.
What is The is Rule of Subcontratries
100
What is the status of a term in regard to extension.
What is Distribution
100
1. Change the quality of the sentence 2. Negate the predicate
What is obversion
100
The mental act of Deductive Inference is the verbal expression
What is a syllogism
100
These 7 rules are required for a syllogism to be considered
What is valid
200
Two statements are ____ if they have the same quality, but differ in quantity.
What is the rule of Subalterns
200
Subject Term Predicate Term Distributed Undistributed Undistributed Undistributed Distributed Distributed Undistributed Distributed
What is A, I, E, O
200
Interchange the subject and predicate.
What is conversion
200
The act by which the mind acquires new knowledge by means of what it already knows.
What is Reasoning
200
Name 2 Terminological Rules
What is 1. There must be 3 and only 3 terms 2. The middle term must not be in the conclusion
300
Affirmative statements
What are A & I
300
The suject-term is _______ in statements whose quantity is universal.
What is distributed
300
Obvert, convert, Obvert
What is contraposition
300
a group of propositions in orderly sequence one of which is the consequent is said to be necessarily inferred from the others (antecedent)
What is the definition of syllogism
300
Name the 2 Quantitative Rules
What is 1. If a term is distributed in the conclusion it must be distributed in the premises. 2. The middle term must be distributed at least once.
400
Negative statements
What are E & O
400
In affirmative propositions the predicate-term is always ______ and in negative propositions the predicate is always _________
What is undistributed and distributed.
400
The E & I statement can only be The A & O statement can only be
What is converted What is contraposition
400
PRI, PRNI, DO, DN
What are the principles of a Syllogism
400
Name the 3 Qualitative rules
What is 1. No conclusion can follow from 2 negative premises 2. If the two premises are affirmative the conclusion must also be affirmative 3. If either premises is negative, the conclusion must also be negative.
500
The quality of a statement is either The quantity of a statement is either
What is 1. Affirmative or Negative 2. Universal or Particular
500
In the Statement No cars are fast. The subject term and predicate term are ??
What is Undistributed & Distributed
500
All S is P --------> All non P is non S
What is contraposition of an A statement
500
All men are mortal Socrates is a man Therefore, Socrates is mortal Find the major, minor terms and indicate which principle is appropriate.
What is major term: mortal minor term: Socrates PRI
500
No maples are pines No oaks are pines Therefore, no oaks are maples. Diagram this sentence and determine if it is a valid statement. If not which rule does it violate.
What is 1st premise: maples: pd (major term-distributed) 1st premise:pines: md (middle term-distributed) 2nd premise:oaks: sd (minor term-distributed) 2nd premise: pines:md (middle term-distributed) Conclusion oaks: minor term - distributed) pine: major term - distributed