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The Renaissance
The Renaissance
The Reformation
The Counter-Reformation
100
• Classical Greco-Roman ideas were revived. • Wealthy patrons supported the arts and education. • Humanism spread throughout western Europe. Which period in European history is most closely associated with these statements?
(1) Early Middle Ages (2) Industrial Revolution (3) Renaissance (4) Hellenistic Period
100
Niccolò Machiavelli in The Prince and King Louis XIV both advocated that a ruler should
(1) obtain power from a social contract with the governed (2) place the needs of subjects first (3) apply Christian teachings to all decisions (4) employ absolute power to maintain order in the areas under their rule
100
One similarity between Martin Luther and Henry VIII is that they
(1) argued against the establishment of a theocratic state (2) protested against the ideas of the Enlightenment (3) died during the Reign of Terror (4) challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church
100
A major goal of the Counter-Reformation was to
(1) reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church (2) reduce the authority of absolute monarchs (3) encourage new ideas in science and philosophy throughout Europe (4) compromise with European Protestants
200
Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers?
(1) People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters. (2) Governments should establish overseas empires. (3) Individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion. (4) Scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death.
200
• Literacy rates rise. • Shakespeare's sonnets circulated. • Secular ideas spread. Which innovation led directly to these developments?
(1) printing press (2) astrolabe (3) paper currency (4) caravel
200
•Pope Leo authorizes the sale of indulgences, 1515 •Martin Luther posts the Ninety-five Theses, 1517 These events are most closely associated with the
(1) Protestant Reformation (2) Crusades (3) Age of Reason (4) Puritan Revolution
200
In Spain, an effect of the Inquisition during the 16th century was to
(1) prevent the introduction of Protestant religions (2) reintroduce Moorish culture to the Iberian Peninsula (3) encourage the development of the Industrial Revolution (4) implement the ideas of the Renaissance in major cities
300
The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by
(1) unquestioned reliance on the teachings of Aristotle (2) an advance of Muslim culture (3) Christian unity throughout the region (4) great intellectual and artistic creativity
300
A direct impact that the printing press had on 16th-century Europe was that it encouraged the
(1) spread of ideas (2) beginnings of communism (3) establishment of democracy (4) development of industrialization
300
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in western Europe was criticized for
(1) sponsoring explorations to the Middle East (2) allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to the people (3) being too concerned with worldly power and riches (4) refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
300
The Spanish Inquisition is best described as:
1. an effort by priests to travel around Europe teaching Catholic doctrine. 2. a meeting on how to defeat the Reformation 3. a list of books banned by the Catholic Church. 4. an effort by the Church in Spain using torture to persuade heretics to convert to Christianity.
400
What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the end justifies the means”?
(1) Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for the state. (2) The general public always acts in its own best interest. (3) Pleasing all of the people at any given time is possible. (4) Leaders must always act for the common good.
400
In which way were the developments of the Renaissance in Italy similar to the developments of the Tang dynasty in China?
(1) The rebirth of art, technology, and learning was a central theme in both regions. (2) Warfare and insurrection led to the devastation of both societies. (3) Religious reform was a main focus in both regions. (4) The peasant class was responsible for the emergence of both eras.
400
Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because
1 the Pope’s right to sell indulgences was strengthened 2 Luther soon became the leader of Germany 3 the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and royal power grew 4 the Roman Catholic Church unified the German states
400
Martin Luther stresses the central role of faith. Reforms to the Roman Catholic Church The Council of Trent bans the sale of indulgences. These statements describe ideas and events that
(1) brought religious unity to Europe (2) shaped the Reformation and the Counter Reformation (3) ended the Glorious Revolution (4) expanded the importance of the Orthodox Church
500
European society during the Renaissance differed from European society during the Middle Ages in that during the Renaissance
(1) the Church was no longer influential (2) the emphasis on individual worth increased (3) economic activity declined (4) art no longer contained religious themes
500
Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers?
(1) People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters. (2) Governments should establish overseas empires. (3) Individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion. (4) Scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death.
500
Which action could be considered an effect of the Protestant Reformation?
(1) posting of the Ninety-five Theses (2) decline in the power of the Roman Catholic Church (3) sale of indulgences (4) end of religious warfare
500
In western Europe, Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses and Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy led to
(1) an end to Christian unity (2) a strengthening of economic unity (3) better relations between peasants and merchants (4) fewer violent outbreaks between ethnic groups