Final Exam Review 2

Photosynthesis

100

Chlorophyll is green because (a) it absorbs green wavelengths of light (b) it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which make green (c) it reflects green wavelengths of light (d) it transmits light and causes an optical illusion

(c) it reflects green wavelengths of light

200

The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is (a) carbon dioxide (b) chlorophyll (c) water (d) glucose

(c) water

300

What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light? (a) Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level (b) It disintegrates, giving off huge amounts of heat (c) It glows, radiating green light and giving the plant a green appearance (d) It attracts electrons from other molecules

(a) Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level

400

Which of the following processes occurs in the thylakoid membrane and converts captured light energy into chemical energy? (a) the Calvin cycle (b) light absorption (c) ATP synthase (d) chemiosmosis

(d) chemiosmosis

500

During the Calvin cycle, carbon-containing molecules are produced from (a) carbon atoms from ATP (b) carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms from glucose (c) carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from water (d) carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from NADPH

(d) carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from NADPH

Cellular Respiration

100

A substance produced during photosynthesis that is used for completion of cellular respiration is (a) water (b) NADPH (c) ATP (d) oxygen

(d) oxygen

200

Electrons are donated to the electron transport chain by (a) ATP and NADH (b) ATP and NAD+ (c) FADH2 and NADH (d) NAD+ and ATP

(c) FADH2 and NADH

300

In cellular respiration, a two-carbon molecule combines with a four-carbon molecule to form citric acid as part of (a) glycolysis (b) carbon fixation (c) the Krebs cycle (d) the electron transport chain

(c) the Krebs cycle

400

ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration (a) remain in the mitochondria in which they are formed (b) are stored in chloroplasts of the same cell in which they are formed (c) enter the cell’s cytoplasm through the membranes of the mitochondria in which they are formed (d) are distributed by the bloodstream to all cells in the body

(c) enter the cell’s cytoplasm through the membranes of the mitochondria in which they are formed

500

You have been growing some animal cells in culture. The cells grow well for several weeks, and then their growth slows down. You conduct some tests and determine that there is a lot of lactic acid in the culture fluid. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the poor growth of the cells? (a) There is too much glucose in the culture fluid (b) There is not enough glucose in the culture fluid (c) There is too much oxygen in the culture fluid (d) There is not enough oxygen in the culture fluid

(d) There is not enough oxygen in the culture fluid

Cell Reproduction

100

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle? (a) Cytokinesis, Mitosis, G1, S, G2 (b) G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis (c) S, G1, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis (d) G1, G2, S, Cytokinesis, Mitosis

(b) G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

200

How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8? (a) 4 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 16

(d) 16

300

As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the original cell during cytokinesis (a) receives a few chromosomes from the original cell (b) receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the original cell (c) donates a chromosome to the original cell (d) receives exactly half the chromosomes from the original cell

(b) receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the original cell

400

When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes (a) mutate along their telomeres (b) exchange corresponding segments of DNA (c) produce new genes (d) lose some of their variation

(b) exchange corresponding segments of DNA

500

Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis? (a) Meiosis is a multi-step process (b) Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells (c) Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism (d) Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells

(b) Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells

Genetics

100

True-breeding pea plants always (a) are pollinated by hand (b) produce offspring each of which can have multiple forms of a trait (c) produce offspring each of which can have only one form of a trait (d) are heterozygous

(c) produce offspring each of which can have only one form of a trait

200

What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype? (a) 0.25 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.75 (d) 1.0

(d) 1.0

300

The first filial (F1) generation is the result of (a) crosses between individuals of the parental generation (b) cross-pollination among parents and the next generation (c) crosses between the offspring of a parental cross (d) self-fertilization between parental stock

(a) crosses between individuals of the parental generation

400

Mendel’s finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the (a) law of dominance (b) law of universal inheritance (c) law of separate convenience (d) law of independent assortment

(d) law of independent assortment

500

The law of segregation explains that (a) alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis (b) different alleles of a gene can never be found in the same organism (c) each gene of an organism ends up in a different gamete (d) each gene is found on a different molecule of DNA

(a) alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis

DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

100

Purines and pyrimidines are (a) bases found in amino acids (b) molecules that can replace phosphate groups from defective DNA (c) names of specific types of DNA molecules (d) bases found in nucleotides

(d) bases found in nucleotides

200

A nucleotide consists of (a) a sugar, a protein, and adenine (b) a sugar, an amino acid, and starch (c) a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (d) a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

(c) a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

300

Consider the mRNA strand CUCAAGUGC. Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand was made? (a) CUCAAGUGC (b) GAGUUCACG (c) GAGTTCACG (d) AGACCTGTA

(c) GAGTTCACG

400

Consider the mRNA strand CUCAAGUGC. The anticodons of the corresponding tRNA molecules would be (a) GAG—UUC—ACG (b) GAG—TTC—ACG (c) CUC—GAA—CGU (d) CUU—CGU—GAA

(a) GAG—UUC—ACG

500

A genetic mutation resulted in a change in the sequence of amino acids of a protein, but the function of the protein was not changed. Which statement best describes the genetic mutation? (a) It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism (b) It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism (c) It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism (d) It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism

(a) It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism