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Conversion to Islam
Muslim Communities
Movements and Communities
Islamic North Africa
Islamic North Africa continued
100
Most conversions to Islam were involuntary. True or false?
False. Most conversions were voluntary. (p.345)
100
The social structure of peoples conquered by Arabs or Turks remained intact. True or false?
True. (350)
100
What movement advocated a purified version of Islamic belief and practice based on the study fo the Quran, hadith, and law combined with Sufi asceticism?
What is the reform movement? (359)
100
Tunisia was occupied by Arab conquest in this year.
What is 670?
100
When did the second nomadic invasion that politically unified Morocco and Spain under Almoravid movement occur?
When is the eleventh century? (375)
200
Islam was carried by Arab-Muslim conquests to North Africa, Spain, Sicily, and the mEditerranean coasts of Europe during this time.
When is 7th to 10th centuries? (p 343)
200
The spread of ___, along with contacts with Egypt and Middle East, helped establish Islam among the common people in the Sudan
What is Arabic? (352)
200
What was the earliest example of a reformist movement in a pastoral and ribal society in Arabia?
What is the Wahhabi movement? (360)
200
What dynasty ruled Tunisia, Tripolitania, and eastern Algeria from 800 to 909?
What is Aghlabid dynasty?
200
What is the title or word that refers to those who wage hoy war in the quranically prescribed fashion?
Who are "Almoravids"? (377)
300
Large parts of Egypt and Iran were probably converted in the ____ and ____ centuries.
When is the tenth and eleventh centuries? (p347).
300
Name one of the four regions in India where Muslim conversion happened en masse.
What is Northwest Frontier, Punjab, Sind, and Bengal? (348)
300
"Muslim identities remained intensely ___, in that the schoalrs and Sufis were embedded in particular communities and represented concepts and practices that were a fusion of the mainstream interpretations of Islam with ____ customs, beliefs, and lifestyles." (same word, two times)
What is local? (362)
300
"The most important cultural consequence of the Banu Hilal migrations was the blending of ___ and ___ cultures and the diffusion of an Arabic dialect as a common spoken as well as official language of North Africa".
What is Arab and Berber? (375)
300
What city did the Almoravids choose as their capital and when did they decide this?
What is Marrakesh and 1070/11th century? (377)
400
Name at least 2 of the places the Turkish people took Islam during the tenth to fourteenth centuries.
Where are Anatolia, Balkans, southeastern Europe, eastward into Inner ASia and China, southward into Afghanistan and Indian subcontinent. (p. 345).
400
Scholars had a large and diverse set of roles in Muslim societies. Higher-ranking scholars were commonly ______, whereas lower-level teachers were often ____ for the comon people.
What is state functionaries and spiritual counselors? (355)
400
"Islamic reformism was the political and moral response of ____, ____, and ______ to the transformation of the traditional structures of Muslim societies and to the threat of European political, economic, and cultural domination". Fill in one of the blanks.
What is 'ulama', tribal communities, or urban communities? (361)
400
Who founded the Almohad movement? What was one of his qualifications?
Who is Muhammad b.'Abdallah b. Tumart? He made the pilgrimage to Mecca, studied in Baghdad and Damascus, regarded himself as the heir of the Prophet. (378)
500
What were the two phases that occurred during initial conversions to Islam?
(1) conversion of animists and polytheists belonging to tribal societies of ARabian desert and periphery of Fertile Crescent, (2) conversion of monotheistic populations of Middle Eastern agrarian, urbanized, and imperial societies (p.346).
500
Name 2 of the three different types of collectives MIddle Eastern Islamic societies were built around.
What is parochial groups, religious associations, and states? (353)
500
What were the great movements that led to the formation of Islamic states? What were their foundations?
What is tribal? They were built upon Muslim religious leadership or integration of Muslim religious and secular chieftainship. (365)
500
What led to the formal renunciation of the teachings of Ibn Tumart and a return to Maliki law? When did this happen?
What is a conflict within the ruling elite? 1229/13th century (378)
500
"As a result of state formation, the defeat of the great ___ and ___ movements that sought to unify North Africa, and the formation of an autonomous Islamic ______, the way was prepared for a new historic phase of the relationships between state and Islam in North African societies.
What is tribal, religious, and religious elite? (381)