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Egoism
Theories
Utilitarianism
Nonconsequentialism
Other Perspectives
100
The view that equates morality with self-interest.
What is egoism? (pg. 46)
100
Propose some principle or principles for distinguishing right actions from wrong actions.
What are normative theories? (page 45)
100
The moral doctrine that we should always act to produce the greatest possible balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions.
What is Utilitarianism? (p. 49)
100
An entitlement to act in a certain way or to have others act in a certain way.
What are rights? (page 65)
100
Who argued that all or at least most of our moral obligations are prima facie ones?
Who is W.D. Ross? (page 63)
200
All actions are selfishly motivated and that truly unselfish actions are therefore impossible.
What is psychological egoism? (p. 47)
200
The moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results.
What is consequentialist theory? (page 45) (If its consequences are good, then the act is right)
200
The two leading philosophers to developed utilitarianism explicitly and in detail.
Who is Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill? (p. 49)
200
This person argued that we do not have to know anything about the likely results of something to know it is immoral.
Who is Immanuel Kant? (page. 56)
200
The distinction between actions that would be good to do but not immoral not to do.
What is a supererogatory action? (page 65)
300
_________ egoists claim they should pursue their own best interests, but they do not say what others should do. ___________ egoists claim that everyone should let self-interest guide his or her conduct.
What is personal and impersonal? (p. 46)
300
Content that right and wrong are determined by more than the likely consequences of an action. Other factors are also relevant to the moral assessment of an action.
What is Non-consequentialism? (p. 46)
300
1. Utilitarianism provides a clear and straightforward basis for formulating and testing policies. 2. Utilitarianism provides an objective and attractive way of resolving conflicts of self-interest. 3. Utilitarianism provides a flexible, result-oriented approach to moral decision making.
What are features that make Utilitarianism appealing as a standard for moral decisions in business and non-business organizations? (p. 49)
300
Kant believed that there is just one command that is the ___________ ____________, and thus necessarily binding on all rational agents, regardless of any other considerations.
What is the categorical imperative? (p. 57-58)
300
Moral rights that are not the result of particular roles, special relationships, or specific circumstances are
What are human rights? (page 66)
400
1. Egoists do only what they like, that they believe in "eat, drink and be merry." 2. All egoists endorse Hedonism, the view that pleasure (or happiness) is the only thing that is good in itself, that it is the ultimate good. 3. Egoists cannot act honestly, be gracious and helpful, or otherwise promote other people's interests.
What are common misconceptions about Egoism? (p. 46-47)
400
The view that it is morally acceptable (or even morally required) for individuals to pursue their economic interests when engaged in business.
What is business egoism? (page 46-49)
400
1. Is Utilitarianism really workable? 2. Are some actions wrong, even if they produce good? 3. Is utilitarianism unjust?
What are the three critical inquiries of Utilitarianism? (pg. 52-54)
400
This tells us what to do if we desire a particular outcome.
What is a hypothetical prescription? (page 58)
400
these reflect the vital interests that human beings have in receiving certain benefits.
What are positive rights? (page 66)
500
1. Psychological egoism is not a sound theory. 2. Ethical egoism is not really a moral principle at all. 3. Ethical egoism condones blatant wrongs.
What are the problems with Egoism? (p. 46-47)
500
The two most important consequentialist theories.
What is egoism and utilitarianism? (page 45)
500
This person argued that leaving business and business people free to pursue their self-interest will serve the good of society. - that only through egoistic pursuits could the greatest economic benefit for the whole society be produced.
Who is Adam Smith? (page 55)
500
True or False? Kant believed that prostitution was immoral because, by selling their sexual services, prostitutes allowed themselves to be treated as only a means to an end.
What is True. (page 62)
500
Maintains that the utilitarian standard should be applied not to individual actions but to moral codes as a whole.
What is rule utilitarianism? (p. 69)