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What is a Vertebrate?
Fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Vertebrate History in Rocks
100
At some point in their lives, chordates will have a notochord, a nerve cord that runs down their back, and pouches in their throat ares.
Name the characteristics that chordates share.
100
A fish is a vertebrate that lives in water and uses fins to move. In addition to living in water and having fins, most fishes are ectotherms, obtain oxygen through gills, and have scales.
Name the characteristics of fishes.
100
An amphibian is an invertebrate that is ectothermic and spends its early life in water. After beginning their lives in water, most amphibians have adaptations for obtaining food and moving.
Describe the main characteristics of amphibians.
100
The skin, kidneys, and eggs are adapted to conserve water.
Identify adaptations that allow reptiles to live on land.
100
sedimentary rock
Identify the kind of rock in which fossils are frequently found.
200
A vertebrate has a backbone that is part of an internal skeleton.
Describe the main characteristics shared by all vertebrates.
200
The major groups of fishes are jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and bony fishes. -Jawless fishes are unlike other fishes in that they have no jaws and no scales. -Cartilaginous fishes have jaws and scales, and skeletons made out of cartilage. -A bony fish has jaws and scales, a pocket on each side of the head that holds the gills, and a skeleton made out of hard bones.
Name the major groups of fishes and describe how they differ.
200
The respiratory and circulatory systems of adult amphibians are adapted for life on land. In addition, most amphibians have adaptations for obtaining food and moving.
Examine how adult amphibians are adapted for life on land.
200
-Both lizards and snakes are reptiles that have skin covered with overlapping scales. -Both alligators and crocodiles are large, carnivorous reptiles that care for their young. -A turtle is a reptile whose body is covered by a protective shell that includes the ribs and the backbone.
Contrast the characteristics of each of the three main groups of reptiles.
200
By studying fossils, paleontologists can infer how animals changed overtime.
Describe what scientists can learn from studying fossils.
300
The body temperature of most fishes, amphibians, and reptiles is close to the temperature of their environment. In contrast, birds and mammals have a stable body temperature that is often warmer than their environment.
Describe how vertebrates differ in a way they control body temperature.
300
Thin, overlapping plates that cover the skin.
What are scales?
300
salamanders and frogs & toads
What are the two major groups of amphibians?
300
They have internal fertilization and lay their eggs on land.
What kind of fertilization do they have and where do they lay their eggs.
300
Bones, shells, skeletons, or other parts of living things.
What can be fossils?
400
They have slits in their throats are called pharyngeal slits, or gill slits.
What kind of slits do chordates have?
400
a closed circulatory system
What kind of circulatory system does a fish have?
400
As adults salamanders have tails and toads and frogs do not. Most salamanders are fertilized internally and frogs and toads are fertilized externally.
What is the difference between salamanders and toads & frog?
400
Lizards have moveable eyelids, two lungs, external ears, and no eyelids. Snakes have a streamlined bodies, no external bodies, and no eyelids.
What characteristics does a lizard have that a snake does not?
400
sediments
What are sedimentary rock made out of?
500
Ectothermic animals are animals whose body does not produce much internal heat. Some ectothermic animals are fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. The body temperature of ectotherms change depending on its environment. Endothermic animals are animals whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces.Some endothermic animals are birds, mammals, and such as beavers.
What is the difference about ecotothermic and endothermic animals?
500
Their is external and internal fertilization. External fertilization is when the egg/s are fertilized outside the female's body. Internal fertilization is when the egg/s are fertilized inside the female's body.
What are two different types of fertilization? How do they differ?
500
Tadpole's circulatory system has two chambers and one loop. Adult amphibians- circulatory system has three chambers and two loops.
How many chambers and loops does an adult amphibian and tadpole have?
500
Larger snakes can move their jaw wider by being able to move their skull to eat huge animals even humans.
How is a snake able to eat a larger meal like a crocodile?
500
The scientists who study extinct organisms, examine fossils structure and make comparisons to present-day organisms.
What is a paleontologists?