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volcanoes 1
volcanoes 2
landslides
flooding
tsunamis
100
basalt = 50% Si Ryolite = 75% Si (higher viscosity)
basalt vs. rhyolite: the main chemistry that controls the difference, which is most dense and percentage
100
if a voclano is 10,000 yrs reposed, it is considered exctint. a volcano in order to be active needs to have erupted 100-150 yrs ago
What is the repose period and how it can be determined
100
water, plants, freeze and thaw infiltrate through the fractures of the flanks. therefore, it weakens them and falls.
what factors contribute to the initiation of the flank collapses?
100
levees separate the river from the land to prevent flooding
what are levees
100
ring of fire along the oacific coast where it is loaded with subduction zonez
where do tsunamis occur
200
along the ring of fire in subduction zones
where do volcaoes occur, and the difference in palte boundries?
200
the plate moves thus releasing magama bulges which creates volcanos. then the plate moves and does it again thats how the hawwain island were created
how do hotspot volcanoes form
200
the steep slopes we have in mountains, rain, and fires?
what factors contribute to the initiation of landslides in californa?
200
what is overtopping, pipping, underseepage, and liquefication?
overtopping= when water overflows the levee pipping=when the water seeps thru the sediments and go to the landside undeseepage= when the rover water goes underneath the levee and goes to landside liquefication- when an earthquake breaks the muddy sedeiment that hold the levee breaks drown so the water just seeps to the other side
300
viscosity and what controls it?
Sillicone and the higher the T the lower the viscosity, anfd the higher the Si the higher the viscosity
300
24mm ashfal 24-64mm lapilli >64mm blocks/bombs
What is the pryclast sizes
300
the palisa re very big sea cliffs that have eroded over time in the Napali coast in hawaii. as they erode, they leave deposits..
how are the Palis related to the landslide deposits in Hawaii?
300
a river that has tributaries that has drained out the river, but it can hold water again in case of a flood
what is a drainage basin
300
in open water the waves are smaller and go really fast, but when it reaches the shore, the waves hit the ground there fore creating higher waves
what is the tsunami mechanics
400
there was a major landslide. people did not take the hints and did not take precaution of the eruption
What happened in the Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia?
400
great volcanic eruption due to a subduction zone. led to the yr without a summer
What is the tambora eruption and what did it lead to
400
landslides carry a mixture of rocks and different debris as they tumble down. steep slopes and open easy land is accesible for landlsides
What factors contribute to initiation of debris flows and rockfalls?
400
is a river that due to flooding and returning back to its natural state, has created natural soil on both sides, so in case of a flood it acts as storage
What is a floodplain
400
most vulnerable to earthquakes and tsumamis
What is the cascadia convergent tsunami hazard
500
seismicity, heat flow, tilt meters
how active volcanic eruptions can be predicted?
500
huge 9.2 earthquake that caused a tsunami
What is the indonesian boxing day?
500
flanks hit the seafloow, so maybe if there is a fault or somehting they can detect if there was movement in the ocean grud which was a tsunami
What is the evidence that large tsunamis due to flank collapses have occurred in the past?
500
a hypothetical but schientifically possible super storm
What is an ark storm