Show:
Igneous Rock
Weathering
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Chapter Review
100
Name the outer layer of the earth
Crust
100
What are the 3 main agents of chemical weathering?
Water Acids Gases
100
Name the 3 main types of sedimentary rocks
Clastic, chemical & organic
100
List the two main factors involved in forming metamorphic rock
heat and pressure
100
Granite is a rock that consists of crystals formed: A by evaporation of liquid from a solution. B of molten material from the mantle or lower crust. C by heat and pressure acting on rocks. D by extremely rapid cooling of igneous material at the surface.
B. of molten material from the mantle or lower crust.
200
What does igneous rock mean?
rocks formed from cooling lava or magma
200
What are the 6 main agents of physical weathering?
temperature change water ice crystallisation of salts wind living plants
200
state the general characteristics of clastic sedimentary rocks
layers like a stack of pages or books. grains don't interlock because they are cemented together. may contain fossils.
200
Name the model geologists use to explain the changes in rocks from one type to another
the rock cycle
200
The first type of rock to form in the Earth’s crust was most likely: A sedimentary. B metamorphic. C igneous. D clastic sedimentary.
C igneous
300
What does extrusive rock mean?
igneous rock that forms on the surface of the earth.
300
What are the 5 characteristics of soils important for plant growth
texture structure water holding capacity permeability consistency humus content
300
What is the term given for rocks made by sediments being cemented together
sedimentary rocks
300
State where metamorphic rocks form
metamorphic rocks form where magma contacts rock below the surface. Some rocks form in the lower crust and mantle, and some form in the crust
300
Explain how chemical sedimentary rocks are formed.
evaporation of moisture
400
Compare the ways in which intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks form by listing their similarities and differences
Both types of rocks form from magma that rises from the mantle. Intrusive rocks form by magma cooling very slowly below the ground. Extrusive rocks form by rapid cooling of magma that reaches the surface of the crust
400
Compare erosion and weathering
Weathering is the break down of rocks into smaller pieces. Erosion is what happens after weathering. Erosion is the removal of these weathered rock particles from the site where they formed.
400
What's the definition given for Organic sedimentary rocks?
rocks that form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris, which is then cemented together.
400
What is Regional metamorphism and where does it occur.
Regional metamorphism occurs over a wide area—where landmasses are colliding, and also in all the rocks at the bottom of the crust. The great pressure of overlying rocks and the heat below the crust combine to change rocks.
400
What kind of rock would this be: basalt: very hard rock of small dark crystals
Igneous Rock
500
Gabbro is a dark-coloured intrusive igneous rock. A reasonable prediction is that: A crystals in gabbro are difficult to see. B all the crystals squashed into lines. C the crystals are quite large. D the rock has many holes in it.
C the crystals are quite large.
500
Describe weathering by temperature change
Rapid temperature change can cause a rock to expand and contract fast, which can split the rock
500
1 The two most common processes that change a pile of sediment into a sedimentary rock are: A compaction and cementation. B weathering and erosion. C deposition and sedimentation. D cooling and crystallisation.
A. Compaction and cementation
500
Describe what Contact metamorphism is and where it occurs.
Contact metamorphism occurs where magma pushes through cracks in the crust in a local area and changes the rocks there.
500
Describe one effect that one of these agents of erosion would have on farmland.
Wind or water can strip the paddocks of topsoil so that there are no nutrients for growing crops. Floodwaters can strip paddocks of all vegetation.