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Species Diversity/Behavior Ecology
Disturbance
Biogeochemical Cycles
Ecosystem Ecology
Misc Topics
100
This type of species has an impact on community diversity greater than its biomass would indicate.
What is a keystone species?
100
These variables define a disturbance regime
What are area, distribution, frequency?
100
Only this type of organism can fix dinitrogen gas
What are bacteria?
100
This is the average amount of energy transferred between each trophic level?
What is 10%?
100
Where does the majority of agricultural energy input go
What is fixing Nitrogen
200
A forest with 4 tree species each with about 20 individuals has a greater ____________ than a forest with 6 tree species, 2 with about 40 individuals and the other 4 with 5.
What is relative abundance?
200
This type of species is the first colonizer following a disturbance?
What is a pioneer species?
200
This type of bacterium turns organic materials into usable nitrogen.
What are ammonifying bacteria?
200
An ecosystem in which fox species allow for the growth of carrots by keeping the rabbit population in check would be experiencing this type of regulation
What is top down
200
Name two (2) signs of climate change?
What are glacier recessation, sea rising, freezing earlier/melting sooner, migratory patterns?
300
Humans building a housing development in a marshland would are this type of species?
What is an ecosystem engineer?
300
This type of success occurs when some persister species survive following a disturbance
What is secondary succession?
300
Hypoxic zones are caused by this process
What is runoff of fertilizer nutrients (N/P) followed by algal blooms?
300
A marine environment dependent on autotrophic plankton is undergoing this type of regulation?
What is bottom-up?
300
This type of age-structure would lead to no population growth?
What is rectangular?
400
This term is defined as minimizing the use of energy resources when attempting to obtain energy (i.e. cost-benefit ratio)
What is optimal foraging behavior?
400
This example of a natural disturbance often leads to greater diversity following a rebound period and is necessary for community health?
What is fire?
400
A major reservoir of this nutrient is in mineralized rocks and sediment?
What is phosphorus?
400
The biomass structure of an ecosystem is generally has this shape (please explain)?
What is a pyramide d/t inefficient energy transfer between trophic levels?
400
What are the four steps of demographic transition? What are some variables that lead to these
What are high birth rate, high death rate; high birth rate, low death rate; decreased birth rate, stabilization of death rate; Low birth rate, low death rate. What is education (female), contraception, and health care?
500
An otter cracking mussles has two options: Eating 10 cm mussels which provide 50 J of energy but require 10 hits to crack OR eating 5 mm mussles that provide 30 J of energy but only require 6 hits to crack. Each hit costs the otter 4 J of energy. Which one represents optimal foraging behavior?
What is the use of 10mm mussels?
500
Name three (3) traits that an ideal pioneer species should contain?
What are r-selection, high reproductive rates, good dispersal mechanisms, small size, efficient use of resources?
500
Humans have most greatly influenced this cycle?
What is the carbon cycle?
500
If an ecosystem structure contains algae - perch - bass - eagles and the input energy is 5,000,000 J. How much of that energy reaches the eagle? Assume a 5% assimilation efficiency (recall that sunlight is assimilated at 1%)
What is 6.25J (5,000,000 * 1% = 50,000; 50,000*(0.05)^3))
500
(T or F). As N approaches K, r(max) will decrease
False. Rmax is a constant and represents the maximum possible population growth rate. dN/dt will decrease but Rmax will remain constant