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The Emergence of Modern Humans /
Models of Modern Human Origins
Anatomy and Distribution of Early Humans
Archaeology and Molecular Genetics of Modern Human Origins
Interpreting Models of Human Origin
Bioarcheology after the Origin of Modern Humans
100
This category of Paleolithic is characterized by the appearance of a wide range of diverse tool types, the use of novel materials to make tools, an accelerated pace of technological development, and the appearance of art and ornamentation.
What is the Upper Paleolithic?
100
Around 600,000 to about 200,000 years ago, anatomically modern H. sapiens were found in this area.
What is Africa?
100
The deepest node in a phylogenetic tree from which all contemporary variant can be shown to have evolved.
What is MCRA (Most Recent Common Ancestor)
100
Archaic H. sapiens lived in Africa, Asia, and Europe between these time periods.
What is 200,000 to 500,000 years ago?
100
This part of the world was the last to be colonized by humans.
What are the pacific Islands?
200
This suggests that modern humans had a localized origin, usually thought to be in Africa, and then dispersed into areas already occupied by H. erectus and its descendants.
What are the replacement models?
200
Scores of Neandertal remains have been recovered in Europe that date to 150,000-30,000 years ago. However, modern human skeletal remains do not appear in Europe until this many years ago.
What is 40,000 years ago.
200
The DNA can only be transmitted through mother, has higher rate of evolution than normal, and does not undergo combination.
What is Mitchondrial DNA
200
Fully modern humans and classic Neanderthals appeared by this many years ago.
What is 125,000
200
During these periods a land bridge formed connecting eastern Siberia with western Alaska.
What are ice ages?
300
This proposed that our origins cannot be pinned down to a single population or area and that gene flow from repeated population movements and intermixing was thought to have been extensive among Old World hominid populations. Thus, the appearance of anatomically modern humans throughout the Old World resulted from the transmission of alleles underlying the modern human phenotype between populations that were in genetic contact.
What are the multiregional models?
300
Two sites on Mt. Carmel which evidences of the earlier modern human before 60,000 years ago other than Africa are discovered and could be considered as the first expansion from Africa are found.
What is Skuhl and Qafzeh
300
Y chromosome transmitted by males only. A large portion of the Y chromosome does not undergo recombination.
What are the differences between mitochondrial DNA and the Y Chromosome?
300
Differences between Neanderthals and modern human DNA are not as great as those between this species.
What is chimp?
300
After contact with this group of people, many people were buried in church cemeteries rather than in caves or under a home.
What are church missionaries?
400
This was what the replacement models and multiregional models both agreed on.
What is an initial dispersal of H. erectus from Africa into the rest of the Old World?
400
Stinger and Andrews.
Who are the Researchers who suggested that both European and Asian early modern human populations had a common origin?
400
What is the “most striking difference between later modern humans and earlier hominids? Give two examples and give two locations.
Symbolic behavior Any two: Burial pits(Europe,Australia) Red Ochre(Lake Mungo,Australia) Cave and portable art(Chauvet,France, Carpenter’s Gap,Australia,Namibia)
400
The DNA from Denisova and newer ancient nuclear DNA analyses points to some level of gene flow between archaic hominids and modern humans.
Why is a strict replacement model without any interbreeding cannot be supported?
400
This lead to a decline in general health, decrease in stature, increase in bone infections, and increase in stress.
What is increasing population density?
500
These were the regions of the Old World where there were evidence of at least two anatomically distinct lineages of hominids in each area.
What are Europe, Asia, and Southeast Asia?
500
Asia and Southeast Asia
What are the two regions are proved to be problematic because the trouble establishment.
500
Explain the difference between the multiregional model and replacement model. Explain why there is more support for the replacement viewpoint by including the terms mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome.
The Multiregional model suggests that modern H.Sapiens evolved from H.Erectus after they left Africa. The replacement model suggests that modern humans evolved in Africa and eventually replaced Neantherthals. THere is more support for the replacement model because mtDNA lineages were found only in Africa. The deepest Y-chromosome lineages were also found exclusively in Africa.
500
These are the two regions that provide best evidence which supports multiregional evolution.
What are Asia and Australia?
500
What are some possible results of making food softer?
Smaller jaws, many instances of malocclusion and perhaps one reason for why humans today need orthodontic work.