The system of rules governing the sequencing and distribution of speech sounds in words.
What is Phonology?
100
Phonemic Awareness, Alphabetic Principle, Fluency with Text, Vocabulary, Comprehension
What is 5 Big ideas in Early Literacy?
100
decoding + linguistic comprehension
What is the simple view of reading?
100
Subgroups: Individuals with difficulty reading nonwords but no difficulty with exception words.
What is phonological dyslexics? (difficulty with phonological awareness)
200
The smallest meaningful parts from which words are created.
What is Morphology?
200
Alphabetic Principle
Daily Double: examples of this
What is recognize letters and the sounds that they make?
examples: environmental print awareness, conventions of print (left to right), know letters that make up their name, learn alphabet and their sound....
200
Children placed in lower reading groups have lower expectations from parents and teachers and therefore do not read as much. "rich get richer"
What is the Matthew Effect?
200
Individuals with difficulty with exception words but not with non word decoding.
What is surface dyslexia?
200
Skills that use knowledge of world, vocabulary, and language structures. Can be taught to answer and generate questions, recognize story structure, summarize
What is Skills to aid comprehension of text?
300
/z/, /s/, /f/, /v/
What is fricatives?
300
Phonemic awareness
What is the ability to hear and manipulate sounds in words?
300
Translate graphemes to phonemes to words, words into sentences and ideas. Traditional phonics approach the emphasizes decoding as fundamental to early reading.
What is Bottom-up model?
300
Early literacy experience, reading instruction, Matthew Effect
What is Extrinsic Causes of Reading Disabilities?
300
From this experience children learn about text language, text is stable, text is meaningful, concepts of print (left/right, top/bottom), books have titles, metalinguistics
What is shared storybook experiences?
400
/u/, /o/, /a/
What is back vowels?
400
Pre-alphabetic, Early alphabetic, Later alphabetic, Consolidated alphabetic
What is the stages of reading development?
400
A predictable phonetic variant of a phoneme.
Daily Double: example of this
What is an allophone?
400
Genetics, Neurological Basis, Visually Based deficits, Auditory Processing Deficits, Attention Deficit, Language Impairments
What is Intrinsic Causes of Reading Disabilities?
400
No universal agreement on what the discrepancy should be, unclear which IQ score should be used, precludes early identification, IQ is more a predictor of school success, wait to fail policy
What is pitfalls of the discrepancy model?
500
The aspects of language that concerns the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences and the relationships among word meanings.
What is Semantics?
500
They don't explain underlying changes in development, child may use different strategies for different words, does not account for individual differences.
What is problem with stages?
500
A specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. Characterized by difficulties with accurate and or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge (Lyon, Shaywitz, & Shaywitz, 2003)