When Aryan migrants discovered this, they used it to make weapons to advance into regions previously inaccessible to them.
What is iron metallurgy
100
Beginning in the late second century B.C.E., several groups of nomadic conquerors from central Asia attacked Bactria and eventually put an end to the Indo-Greek kingdom there.
What is the Kushan Empire
100
Indian religion associated with the teacher Vardhamana Mahavira (ca.540-468 BCE) in which every physical object possessed a soul.
What is Jainism
100
Two great Indian epics that commonly portrayed women as weak-willed and emotional creatures
What is Mahabharata and Ramayana
100
Indian prince born around 563 B.C.E. to a wealthy family; left comforts of home to seek spiritual enlightenment and an explanation for human suffering
What is Siddhartha Gautama
200
This important factor supported the large-scale states and encouraged the emergence of towns.
What is agricultural surplus
200
Based their state in Magadha. Empire arose on foundations made by Chandra Gupta.
What is the Guptas
200
Religion based on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path and associated with Siddhartha Gautama.
What is Buddhism
200
Priests
What is Brahmins
200
Indian mathematics encountered by Arabs and Persian scholars; later adopted by Europeans
What is Arabic Numerals
300
These places provided manufactured products for local consumption.
What is a town
300
Ancient Indian political handbook.
What is Arthashastra
300
individuals who had reached spiritual perfection and merited the reward of nirvana; but intentionally delayed entry to help others who were struggling
What is bodhisattvas
300
serfs
What is Shudras
300
The ancient river valley in northwest India which provides bountiful agricultural land and also a border with lands to the west of India
What is Indus River
400
The two areas that long distanced trade from India passed through.
What is the Hindu Kush mountains and the capital of Taxila
400
Son of the first leader of the Mauryan Empire
What is Ashoka Maurya
400
Hindu god mentioned in the Rig Veda.
What is Vishnu
400
Peasants and merchants
What is Vaishyas
400
subcastes based on occupation; guilds of a sort; maintained much of the social order in India
What is jati
500
Trade partner with India that became so popular that they established direct commercial relations and built several trading settlements in Southern India.
What is the Romans
500
The group of nomadic people responsible for the Gupta decline.
What is the White Huns
500
the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.
What is karma
500
Warriors and aristocrats
What is Kshatriyas
500
"the greater vehicle" which could carry more people to salvation