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Glycolysis
TCA Cycle
ETC/Ox Phos
Biosignaling
Multiple Choice
100
Lactose intolerance is due to a deficiency in this enzyme.
What is lactase?
100
This enzyme in the TCA cycle uses the same mechanism as the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
What are alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex?
100
This isoprene is not part of any Complex, but instead, serves to shuttle electrons from Complex I/II to Complex III.
What is ubiquinone/Coenzyme Q(CoQ)?
100
Binding of this phosphonucleoside to the alpha-subunit of the G-protein results in activity.
What is ATP?
100

Which of the following complexes does not result in the movement of protons into the intermembrane space?

a) Complex I
b) Complex II
c) Complex III
d) Complex IV
e) All of these can move protons into the intermembrane space

c) Complex III
200
Galactose-1-phosphate to UDP-galactose/UDP-glucose to Glucose-1-phosphate is catalyzed by this enzyme.
What is Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase?
200
Formation of NADH from NAD+ occurs from these two enzymes.
What are alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase?
200
In the second step of the first half of Complex III, an electron from CoQH- is given to this when it reaches the reducing face of the complex.
What is CoQ?
1st step of first half - CoQH2 ultimately gives electron to cytochrome c.
2nd step of first half - CoQH gives to CoQ
second half is reverse of this.
200
The Adaptor protein AKAP79 binds this protein to Adenylate cyclase to facilitate activation.
What is Protein Kinase A?
200

Which of the following ETC complexes has the lowest ratio at the innermembrane?
a) Complex I
b) Complex II
c) Complex III
d) Complex IV
e) Complex V

a) Complex I
Ratio of 1:2:3:6:6, respectively.
300
Phosphorylation of PFK2 in the heart is catalyzed by this enzyme and has this effect(activation/deactivation). (two answers)
What is AMPK and activation?
Phosphorylation of PFK2 in the liver results in deactivation.
300
Dihydrolipoyl Transacetylase (E2) is allosterically activated this and allosterically inhibited by this. (2 answers)
What are CoA(activated by) and Acetyl-CoA(inhibited by)?
or
What are its substrates and products?
300
In the heart, the movement of glycolytic NADH to the mitochondrial matrix requires the reduction of oxaloacetate to this substrate.
What is malate?
via Malate-aspartate shuttle, which occurs in Heart, Liver, and Kidneys.
300
The presence of Calcium anchors this protein to the membrane, allowing interaction and binding with DAG.
What is Protein Kinase C (PKC)?
300

Which of the following enzymes is not allosterically controlled in the TCA cycle?

a) Citrate synthase
b) Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
c) Malate dehydrogenase
d) Isocitrate dehydrogenase
e) All of these are allosterically controlled in the TCA cycle

c) Malate dehydrogenase
400
Galactosemia can be caused by defective forms of these three enzymes.
What are Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, Galactokinase, and UDP-Glucose-4-epimerase?
400
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) can be anapleurotically converted to this metabolite via this enzyme. (2 answers)
What are oxaloacetate and PEP Carboxykinase.
400
1 NADH given to the ETC can result in this many protons pumped into the intermembrane space, which would result in the formation of this many ATPs. (2 answers)
What are 10 protons and 2.5 ATP?
It takes 4 protons/H+ to form 1 ATP.
400
In the tyrosine kinase pathway leading to increased protein synthesis/cell division, Sos does this to Ras.
What is remove the GDP/act as a GEF?
400

Which of the following statements are true?

a) Small polar molecules cannot cross the inner membrane of the mitochondria
b) The transport of phosphate into the mitochondrial matrix transports only H3PO4 form of phosphoric acid
c) Activity of Protein Kinase A can be activated by the cleavage of PIP2 to DAG and IP3 by PhospholipaseC-beta
d) The transport of ATP into the matrix requires no ATP and is facilitated by a membrane charge difference
e) All of these statements are false

d) The transport of ATP into the matrix requires no ATP and is facilitated by a membrane charge difference
The transport of ATP into the matrix is done by ATP/ADP antiporter and uses no ATP. The transport of Phosphate into the matrix needs 1 protons and is done by H2PO4/H+ symporter.
500
The conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate is catalyzed by this enzyme, is this type of reaction, and can be competitively inhibited by the addition of this. (3 answers)
What are enolase, dehydration/oxidation, and fluoride?
500
The amino acid glutamate can be converted into alpha ketoglutarate which then can enter the Krebs Cycle. If glutamate is the only metabolite present, this intermediate of the cycle will accumulate as glutamate enters the Krebs Cycle.
What is oxaloacetate?
Because oxaloacetate can not continue to citrate without acetyl-CoA.
500
Regulation of ETC occurs only at this complex and its rate is (increased/decreased) by presence of high ATP. (2 answers)
What are Complex IV and decreased.
Complex IV is only controlled ETC complex; ATP allosterically binds and inactivates cytochrome c and Complex IV.
500
The presence of this domain allows for binding of phosphorylated tyrosine.
What is the SH2 domain?
500

If insulin was added to Tyrosine Kinase, which of the following would be the last enzyme in the cascade that increase glucose uptake/glycogen synthesis?

a) Protein Kinase B (PKB)
b) Protein Kinase C (PKC)
c) Glucose Transporter 4 (GluT4)
d) Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3)
e) Serum Release Factor (SRF)

d) Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3)
GluT4 is not an enzyme. SRF is not in the pathway for glucose uptake/glycogen synthesis.