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Development
Social Development
Social Psychology
Psychopathology
Therapy
100
At 1.5 years, infants experience a _____ ________
Word Explosion
100
_______ occurs when social factors become a part of the individual (ex: using a pencil)
Internalization
100
If you agree to a small request, you'll be more likely to agree to a larger request later
foot-in-the-door effect
100
The definition of _______ means assigning individuals to a category based on their symptoms.
Diagnosis
100
What is trephining?
Involves drilling a hole in one's head in order to release demons believe to cause psychopathology
200
Explain nature vs. nurture in terms of developmental psychology
nature provides the time window, nurture provides the experience
200
What is the difference between the cupboard theory and the attachment theory?
Cupboard- attachment to the mother driven by biological needs. Attachment- comfort is the key
200
Explain the fundamental attribution error
We tend to blame people's actions on their own personal characteristics rather than considering the situation
200
What percent of individuals will be diagnosed with some time of psychopathology in their lifetime?
46%
200
What is the best way to treat Schizophrenia?
Use of antipsychotics to reduce dopamine levels
300
Why do we use Motheres?
It attracts attention and exaggerates certain vowel sounds, making them easier to learn
300
What are the two mechanisms for mental change that Vygotsky proposed?
Internalization and working within the zone of proximal development
300
What are the three motives for conformity?
Hedonic, approval, accuracy
300
What are the four characteristics of abnormality?
Abnormal is infrequent, deviant, maladaptive, and unjustifiable
300
What did Eysneck's study of individuals who had been diagnosed with neuroses reveal?
60% of patients receiving therapy recovered, while 70% of patients not receiving therapy recovered
400
Explain the differences between assimilation and accommodation.
assimilation - perceiving/thinking about objects using existing knowledge, accommodation, changing knowledge based on new information
400
What was the distribution of the three different types of attachment patterns in Ainsworth study?
Secure attachment 70%, insecure attachment ambivalent 15%, Insecure attachment avoidant 15%
400
What is the difference between conformity and obedience?
Conformity involves going along with a group. Obedience is following one individual with authority.
400
What are the four characteristics of schizophrenia?
Disorder of cognition, social isolation, hallucinations/delusions, disturbance of affect
400
What does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) involve?
cognitive - restructuring thoughts, behavioral - positive behavior change (learning, conditioning)
500
Name each developmental stage and it's associated milestone.
Sensory Motor Stage - object permanence, Preoperational Stage - conservation, Concrete Operational Stage - transitivity, Formal Operational Stage - n/a
500
What was the Harlow experiment, what was he trying to show, and what did he find?
He created an experimental study where monkeys that were separated from their mothers would be raised by artificial mothers. The mothers could be either wire cover cages which distributed food or cloth covered cage with no food. He wanted to distinguish between cupboard theory and attachment theory. The monkeys preferred the cloth mothers to the wire mothers.
500
What are four ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?
Change behavior, justify behavior by changing cognition, justify behavior by adding new cognition, deny all conflicting information
500
Name two pros and two cons of the DSM
Pros: Diagnosis is accurate & consistent, can help determine type of treatment needed, cons: unrealistic to "pigeonhole" (lose individuality, comorbidity), categorization comes with a price - labeling
500
Why might someone who received trephination feel better afterwards? (name 3)
cognitive dissonance, regression to the mean, placebo effect