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MECHANISM OF ACTION
INDICATION
SIDE EFFECT
CONTRAINDICATION
NURSING PROCESS
100
Sedation Sleep induction Skeletal muscle relaxation Anxiety relief Anxiety-related depression
What is Benzodiazepines Long-acting diazepam (Valium), clonazepam (Klonopin) Intermediate-acting alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), temazepam (Restoril) Short-acting midazolam (Versed), triazolam (Halcion)
100
Reduced REM sleep, resulting in: Agitation Inability to deal with normal stress
What is Barbiturates
100
Long-term therapy with ...... may cause gingival hyperplasia, acne, hirsutism,
What is Dilantin Good oral hygiene
200
Inhibit the ..... enzyme system in the CNS Amines (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine) are not broken down, resulting in higher levels in the brain Result: alleviation of symptoms of depression
What is MOA
200
Relief of painful musculoskeletal conditions Muscle spasms Management of spasticity of severe chronic disorders (multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy) Work best when used along with physical therapy
What is muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril, Soma
200
Few adverse effects—orthostatic hypotension most common Tachycardia Dizziness Insomnia Anorexia Blurred vision Palpitations Drowsiness Headache Nausea Impotence
What is MOAI
200
Instruct patients to wear sunscreen because of photosensitivity Tell patients to avoid taking antacids or antidiarrheal preparations within 1 hour of a dose Inform patients to avoid alcohol or other CNS depressants with these medications
What is Psychotherapeutic drugs
300
Depress CNS activity Affect hypothalamic, thalamic, and limbic ?systems of the brain Benzodiazepine receptors Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Do not suppress rapid eye movement (REM) sleep as much as barbiturates do Do not increase metabolism of other drugs
What is Benzodiazepine (CNS depressant)
300
Sedatives Anticonvulsants Anesthesia for surgical procedures
What is Barbiturate
300
Mild and infrequent Headache Drowsiness Dizziness Cognitive impairment Vertigo Lethargy Fall hazard for elderly persons “Hangover” effect/daytime sleepiness
What is Benzodiazepine
300
Additive effects Alcohol, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, opioids, tranquilizers Inhibited metabolism MAOIs will prolong effects of barbiturates Increased metabolism Reduces anticoagulant response, leading to possible clot formation
What is Barbiturates
300
Inform patients that it may take several weeks to see therapeutic effects Monitor patients closely during this time, assess for suicidal tendencies, and provide support
What is Psycho therapeutic drugs
400
Depression, especially types characterized by reverse vegetative symptoms such as increased sleep and appetite Depression that does not respond to other drugs such as tricyclics
What is MAOI
400
Extension of effects on CNS and skeletal muscles Euphoria Lightheadedness Dizziness Drowsiness Fatigue Muscle weakness, others
What is Muscle relaxant
400
Provide simple explanations about the drug, its effects, and the length of time before therapeutic effects can be expected Advise patients to avoid abrupt withdrawal Advise patients to change positions slowly to avoid postural hypotension and possible injury
What is Psycotherapeuthic drugs
500
Block reuptake of neurotransmitters, causing accumulation at the nerve endings It is thought that increasing concentrations of neurotransmitters will correct the abnormally low levels that lead to depression
What is Tricyclic Antidepressants:
500
Depression Childhood enuresis (imipramine) Obsessive-compulsive disorders (clomipramine) Adjunctive analgesics for chronic pain conditions, such as trigeminal neuralgia
What is Tricyclic antidepressant
500
Sedation Impotence Orthostatic hypotension Others Older patients Dizziness, postural hypotension, constipation, delayed micturation, edema, muscle tremors
What is Tricyclic antidepressant
500
Tricyclics may need to be weaned and discontinued before undergoing surgery to avoid interactions with anesthetic drugs
What is Antidepressant