This is the original location of an earthquake on Earth's surface.
What is the epicenter?
100
This type of boundary exists when two tectonic plates move away from each other.
What is a divergent boundary?
100
Hot spots of magma are responsible for the formation of these islands in the Pacific Ocean.
What is Hawaii?
100
This is a large wave caused by an underwater earthquake.
What is a tsunami?
100
This type of plate boundary exists when two plates move towards each other.
What is a convergent boundary?
200
This is the name for the topmost layer, or "sphere" of the Earth.
What is the lithosphere?
200
This type of plate boundary caused the formation of the Himalayan Mountains.
What is a convergent boundary (continental-continental)?
200
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge runs mostly along the ocean floor but can be seen above land in this island country.
What is Iceland?
200
This type of eruption occurs when magma is very viscous (thick and sticky) and contains lots of gas.
What is an explosive eruption?
200
This is the name for the neck of a volcano, the channel through which magma flows before it erupts.
What is a conduit?
300
This is the term for the nucleus of a continent: the oldest rock around which the rest of the continent formed.
What is a craton?
300
Plate tectonic theory is considered this type of theory because it is able to explain multiple phenomena (continental drift, earthquakes, and volcanoes) in a single concept.
What is a unifying scientific theory?
300
This is the nickname for the long chain of volcanoes along the Pacific plate.
What is the "Ring of Fire"?
300
This is the most dangerous aspect of an explosive eruption: a large, fast-moving cloud of hot gas, ash, dust, and debris that moves down the mountain and through the surrounding area.
What is pyroclastic flow?
300
This type of land formation is the result of a collapsed magma chamber in a volcano.
What is a caldera?
400
According to the documentary Colliding Continents, this is the source of the water on Earth?
What is asteroids, meteors, or comets?
400
This is a location where a plate of oceanic crust sinks beneath another plate.
What is a subduction zone?
400
The San Andreas fault is a transform fault capable of producing an earthquake in this US state.
What is California?
400
This type of volcano is created from several effusive eruptions only.
What is a shield volcano?
400
This theory, first proposed by Wegenger, suggested all land was once connected in a giant supercontinent.
What is "continental drift"?
500
According to the documentary Colliding Continents, what did scientists use to determine the age of the Earth?
What is a zircon crystal (from a meteorite, or in cratons)?
500
Ocean crust sinks beneath continental crust because oceanic crust is more _______ than continental crust.
What is dense?
500
This volcano erupted in 1980 in North America, killing 57 people and causing $1.1 billion in damage.
What is Mt. St. Helens?
500
This scale measures the intensity of an earthquake.
What is the Richter Scale?
500
These forces in the mantle are what cause tectonic plates to move.