Define as the development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time
What is evolution
100
This scientist served as naturalist on the HMS Beagle and proposed the modern undertstanding of evolution.
Who is Charles Darwin
100
Defined as any remains or traces of an organism that died long ago
What is a fossil
100
Comparing the amino acids in cytochrome C and hemoglobin of different organisms is what type of evolutionary evidence?
What is biochemical
100
Defined as the process by which similar populations accumulate differences over time
What is divergent evolution
200
The idea that sudden geological catastrophes cause the extinction of species
What is catastrophism
200
Defined as "survival of the fittest," and is the mechanism for evolution
What is natural selection
200
Defined as the study of development
What is embryology
200
Defined as the study of locations of organisms around the world
What is biogeography
200
Defined as the selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific desirable traits. Provide an example
What is artificial selection.
Dogs, cats, vegetables, plant
300
These rock layers hold fossils, the oldest being at the bottom
What are strata
300
Which organism is more likely to survive- an organism with 5 offspring or 1 offspring. Why?
The organism with 5 offspring, because organisms that overproduce are more fit.
300
Define "vestigial structure" and give an example in humans.
What is a structure that no longer has a purpose, but once did.
appendix, coccyx, ear muscles, hair standing muscles, little toe, wisdom teeth, tonsils
300
What evidence supports the hypothesis that whales evolved from land-dwelling mammals?
What is comparative anatomy - homologous structures
300
Define coevolution
What is the process by which two or more species evolve adaptations to each other's influence
400
The idea that the laws of science do not change over time
What is uniformitarianism
400
Defined as a measure of an organism's hereditary contribution to the next generation
What is fitness
400
Define homologous structures and provide an example.
Structures found in different species that originated from a structure in a common ancestor of the 2 species.
Bird wing/Human Arm/Whale Fin/Crocodile Arm/Cat Leg/Bat Wing
400
How does natural selection act on vestigial structures?
The structures are no longer adaptive, so they are not selected for and may diminish over time.
400
Define convergent evolution
the process by which different species evolve similar traits
500
Explain why Lamarck's idea, the inheritance of acquired characteristics, is not supported by science.
Organisms like giraffes cannot pass on a trait for having a long neck by stretching out their necks and passing the acquired trait to their offspring. Natural selection disproves this.
500
What phrase did Darwin first use to describe the process of evolution?
What is descent with modification.
500
Define analogous structures and provide an example
Structures that are found in different species, have similar functions but did not originate from a common ancestor
Bird wings/Insect Wings
500
Fly embryos and frog embryos differ from each other more than frog embryos and ape embryos do. What does this imply about how these groups may be related?
What is Frogs and apes are more closely related than are frogs and flies
500
Define adaptive radiation and provide an example.
What is the divergent evolution of many species from a single ancestral species.
Galapagos finches