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Cardiac Physical Exam
Cardiac Imaging
Valvular Heart Disease I
Valvular Heart Disease II
Congenital Heart Disease
100
Physical findings include brachial-femoral delay and systolic blood pressure differences between the upper and lower extremities
What is coarctation of the aorta
100
The best way to diagnose aortic stenosis and assess its severity
What is echocardiography
100
Marfan syndrome may cause dilation of this cardiac structure, resulting in a particular murmur
What is aortic root (DD)
100
The only effective treatment of SYMPTOMATIC aortic stenosis
What is aortic valve replacement
100
The most common cardiac anomaly associated with Turner's syndrome
What is coarctation of the aorta
200
The classic auscultatory finding is the mid systolic click (a high pitched sound of short duration)
What is Mitral valve prolapse
200
The standard technique to assess the location and extent or quantity of coronary artery stenosis
What is coronary angiography
200
The cause of tricuspid stenosis is almost ALWAYS
What is Rheumatic
200
Mitral stenosis is almost always due to
What is rheumatic heart disease
200
This congenital heart disease is associated with maternal rubella
What is Patent ductus arteriosus
300
The bedside maneuver that distinguishes aortic stenosis from HOCM
What is valsalva
300
Allows the direct measurements of blood velocities across valves and conduits, permitting the calculation of stroke volume, cardiac output, and valve gradients.
What is Doppler with echocardiography
300
Treatment for ACUTE aortic regurgitation
What is surgery (EMERGENCY!)
300
All patients with a valvular prosthesis require antibiotic prophylaxis for this infective/non-infective inflammatory disease
What is endocarditis
300
The most common cause of aortic stenosis in adults younger than 55 years
What is congenital bicuspid valvular aortic stenosis (DD)
400
The most important physical exam finding of aortic stenosis
What is parvus and tardes pulse contour
400
Allows high spatial and temporal resolution imaging and currently is the reference standard for myocardial viability
What is Positron Emission Tomography
400
Seronegative arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis all cause this type aortic regurgitation
What is valvular (vs. aortic root)
400
Electrocardiography shows left atrial enlargement, P mitrale (notched P wave in leads I and II with duration >0.12 milliseconds), and right ventricular hypertrophy
What is mitral stenosis
400
Results in the risk for stroke being increased due to repeated phlebotomy which leads to iron deficiency (iron deficient erythrocytes are more rigid)
What is Eisenmenger Syndrome
500
Systolic and diastolic murmur on gentle compression with the stethoscope over the femoral artery heard in patients with severe aortic regurgitation
What is Duroziez sign
500
In severe mitral stenosis, pulmonary congestion characterized by THiS radiographic finding, indicates a pulmonary wedge pressure of more than 20 mmHg
What is Kerley B lines (image) Other cxr findings include: straightening of the left heart border, a large left atrial shadow, and dilated upper lobe pulmonary veins.
500
In aortic stenosis, thrills may be palpated at these locations (5)
What is carotid artery, suprasternal notch, right and left sternal border, and second intercostal space
500
In the case of ischemic mitral regurgitation, this papillary muscle has a single blood supply
What is posterior medial
500
The most common cardiac anomaly associated with Down's syndrome
What is Atrioventricular canal defects (Primum Atrial Septal defect)