This classic radiographic finding is a pathognomonic for NEC.
What is pneumotosis intestinalis.
100
This clinical sign is the most common (and usually first) symptom seen in RYGB patients with an anastomotic leak.
What is tachycardia.
100
This artery provides blood supply to the cervical portion of the esophagus.
What is the inferior thyroid artery.
100
This condition results from obstruction of the hepatic veins.
What is Budd-Chiari syndrome.
100
Pancreatic divisum results from the failed fusion of what structures.
What are the ducts of Wirsung and Santorini.
BONUS QUESTION: What is the treatment?
200
This is the most common complication following the reversal of a loop ileostomy.
What is a SBO.
200
Mallory-Weiss tears are a laceration in this structure.
What is the gastric cardia... not the esophagus.
200
This structure determines the difference between Type I and Type II hiatal hernias.
What is the GE junction.
BONUS QUESTION: Where is the GE junction located in a Type I hiatal hernia? Type II?
200
These amino acids are restricted in cirrhotic patients.
What are branched amino acids.
BONUS QUESTION: Name them.
BONUS x2: Why are they restricted?
200
There are non-epithelialized cysts that can be seen connected to the pancreatic duct. These can be treated in many ways. Name two.
What are
- endoscopic cystgastrostomy
- percutaneous aspiration
- cystgastrostomy
- cystoduodenostomy
- Roux-en-Y cystjejunostomy
300
This condition often presents with patients c/o abdominal pain out of proportion to physical exam and an irregular heart rhythm.
What is acute mesenteric arterial embolism.
BONUS QUESTION: Which arteries are capable of significant enlargement and are important collateral vessels in the face of occlusion/ stenosis of the proximal splanchnic arteries?
300
These two medications help stop esophageal variceal bleeds.
What are octreotide and vasopressin.
BONUS QUESTION: Why is octreotide better than vasopressin?
300
High amplitude peristaltic contractions on manometry are a sign of what esophageal motility disorder.
What is nutcracker esophagus.
300
These two collateral veins are responsible for hemorrhoids during portal hypertension.
What are the inferior mesenteric and rectal veins.
300
Symptoms of hypoglycemia, fasting hypoglycemia when measured, and relief of symptoms with administration of glucose is know as this triad.
What is Whipple's triad.
BONUS QUESTION: This triad is associated with what?
400
Failed closure of this embryological remnant results in a Meckels diverticulum.
What is the primitive vitellointestinal duct.
400
These pathological findings are commonly seen in biopsies of stress gastritis.
What is coagulation necrosis of the superficial endothelium with infiltration of leukocytes into the lamina propria.
400
This maneuver/ procedure will lengthen the esophagus if it is found to be too short during a Nissen Funduplication.
What is a Collis Gastroplasty.
BONUS QUESTION: What is it?
400
This tube is rare now but was regurlarly used to stop esophageal variceal bleeds in the past.
What is a Segstaken-blakemore tube or a Minnesota tube.
BONUS QUESTION: How many lumens does each have?
400
Ranson's Criteria for predicting pancreatitis mortality is calculated using what 5 values on admission.
What are:
- Age >55
- WBC count >16
- Glucose >200
- LDH >350
- AST >250
500
What length of bowel is diagnostic of short gut syndrome?
What is... this is a trick question. The diagnosis of short gut syndrome is based on clinical symptoms only.
BONUS QUESTION: What length of small bowel is needed to survive off of TPN with and without a competent ileocecal valve?
500
In the setting of alkaline reflux gastritis, a Billroth II is often converted to a RY gastrojejunostomy. How far downstream from the GJ do you re-establish intestinal continuity to prevent reflux?
50-60 cm
500
What are the 5 classic manometry findings in Achalasia?
1. LES will be hypertensive (pressure > 35 mm Hg)
2. LES fails to relax with deglutition
3. The body of the esophagus will have a pressure above baseline (pressurization of the esophagus) from incomplete air evacuation
4. No peristalsis
5. Low amplitude waveforms indicating a lack of muscular tone
500
This one-way valve shunt assists with the movement of ascitic fluid from the peritoneum into the systemic circulation.
What is LeVeen or Denver shunt.
500
This classic operation is used to treat patients with large duct pancreatitis by decompressing the entire length of the pancreatic duct.
What is a longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (or a Puestow Procedure).